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Related Concept Videos

Dementia01:30

Dementia

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Dementia is a collective term for cognitive disorders primarily affecting memory, thinking, and reasoning. It is not a specific disease but a syndrome, with Alzheimer's disease being the most common cause, accounting for approximately 60-80% of cases. Other types include vascular dementia, Lewy body dementia, and frontotemporal dementia. Dementia affects millions worldwide, particularly older adults, though it is not a normal part of aging.
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Calcium-Scoring CT ScanA calcium-scoring CT scan, also known as coronary artery calcium (CAC) scan, detects calcium deposits in the coronary arteries. This test assesses the risk of coronary artery disease (CAD), which can lead to cardiovascular events such as angina, heart failure, and sudden cardiac arrest.A calcium-scoring CT scan is generally recommended for individuals at intermediate risk of CAD without symptoms. It includes:Men aged 40-75 and women aged 50-75: Especially those with a...
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Relative Risk01:12

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Relative risk (RR) is a statistical measure commonly used in epidemiology to compare the likelihood of a particular event occurring between two groups. This metric is important for evaluating the relationship between exposure to a specific risk factor and the probability of a particular outcome. It plays a crucial role in medical research, public health studies, and risk assessment. Relative risk quantifies how much more (or less) likely an event is to occur in an exposed group compared to an...
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Hazard Ratio01:12

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The hazard ratio (HR) is a widely used measure in clinical trials to compare the risk of events, such as death or disease recurrence, between two groups over time. It reflects the ratio of hazard rates—the instantaneous risk of the event occurring—between a treatment group and a control group. This measure provides valuable insights into the relative effectiveness of a treatment by assessing how the risk of an event differs between the two groups.
For example, in a clinical trial...
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Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is a continually advancing neurodegenerative disorder, distinguished by escalating memory loss, cognitive dysfunction, and dementia. The disease unfolds in three stages: preclinical, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and dementia. Its onset is insidious, and the progression gradual, with the cause not well explained by other disorders.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 27, 2026

Implementation of a Real-Time Psychosis Risk Detection and Alerting System Based on Electronic Health Records using CogStack
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Composite risk scores for predicting dementia.

Blossom C M Stephan1, Eugene Tang, Graciela Muniz-Terrera

  • 1aNewcastle University Institute for Ageing and Institute of Health and Society, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK bCentre for Dementia Prevention, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland.

Current Opinion in Psychiatry
|January 19, 2016
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Summary

Developing accurate dementia risk prediction models is crucial for early intervention and personalized medicine. However, over 50 existing models show moderate-to-poor accuracy and lack external validation, hindering consensus and clinical application.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Gerontology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Identifying individuals at high risk of dementia is a priority for prevention and personalized medicine.
  • Early detection facilitates timely interventions to delay or prevent dementia onset.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review existing dementia risk prediction models.
  • To evaluate their accuracy, generalizability, and limitations.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of over 50 dementia risk prediction models.
  • Analysis of predictor variables, follow-up lengths, and screening ages.
  • Assessment of predictive accuracy and external validation.

Main Results:

  • Most models exhibit moderate-to-poor predictive accuracy.
  • Few models have undergone external validation, questioning their generalizability.
  • The proliferation of models complicates consensus on the best approach.

Conclusions:

  • Existing dementia risk models are limited by insufficient external validation and economic impact assessment.
  • Innovative methods are needed to improve dementia risk score derivation.
  • Effective risk prediction tools could revolutionize dementia research and intervention strategies.