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Related Concept Videos

Pulmonary Hypertension: Classification and Pathogenesis01:30

Pulmonary Hypertension: Classification and Pathogenesis

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Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a severe health condition in which the mean pulmonary arterial pressure increases to 25 mmHg or more, even when the body is at rest. This high pressure in the blood vessels that transport blood from the heart to the lungs can cause various symptoms, including shortness of breath, can lead to right heart failure, and significantly affect the overall quality of life.
There are various classifications for PH, each relating to different underlying causes and also...
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Mitral Regurgitation I: Introduction01:20

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Mitral regurgitation is characterized by the backward circulation of blood from the left ventricle to the left atrium during systole, a phase of the cardiac cycle when the heart contracts and pumps blood out of the chambers. This abnormal flow occurs primarily due to the dysfunction of the mitral valve or its supporting structures, which include the mitral leaflets, chordae tendineae, annulus, and papillary muscles.Etiology and Mechanisms:Primary Mitral Regurgitation: This type arises from...
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Heart Failure III: Clinical Manifestations01:26

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Heart failure (HF) manifests primarily as dyspnea, fatigue, and fluid retention, resulting in peripheral and pulmonary edema. Symptoms may vary depending on which ventricle is more affected, left or right.Left-Sided Heart FailureAlso known as left ventricular failure, this condition results from the left ventricle's inability to fill or eject sufficient blood into the systemic circulation. It leads to pulmonary congestion, which occurs when the left ventricle fails to eject blood effectively...
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Right Heart Catheterization: An OverviewRight heart catheterization is an invasive diagnostic procedure that measures right-sided cardiac and pulmonary artery pressures, calculates cardiac output, and identifies intracardiac shunts. It provides detailed hemodynamic data essential for diagnosing and managing various cardiovascular conditions, such as pulmonary hypertension.Access SitesCommon access sites for right heart catheterization include the internal jugular vein in the neck region, the...
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Heart failure (HF) is a progressive syndrome involving ventricles that leads to inadequate cardiac output. It can be classified based on location and output or ejection fraction. Ejection fraction (EF) is an essential measurement in the diagnosis and surveillance of HF. Reduced EF corresponds to systolic heart failure (HFrEF). However, HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is becoming increasingly prevalent. Also known as diastolic HF, this form of HF is related to aging. The...
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Dilated cardiomyopathy, or DCM, is a progressive myocardial disorder characterized by ventricular chamber dilation and contractile dysfunction.EtiologyVarious factors can cause DCM, including hypertension and heavy alcohol intake, which contribute to the weakening and enlargement of the heart muscle. Viral infections, such as Coxsackievirus B, adenoviruses, and influenza, can lead to DCM by causing inflammation and damage to heart tissue. Certain chemotherapeutic agents, including daunorubicin,...
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Related Experiment Video

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Evaluation of Right Ventricular Function in Experimental Models of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension
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Recognizing Pulmonary Hypertension and Right Ventricular Dysfunction in Heart Failure.

Anuradha Lala1, Sean P Pinney1

  • 1Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, NY.

Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases
|January 19, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Pulmonary hypertension due to left heart disease is common but often missed. Accurate diagnosis and management, potentially aided by hemodynamic monitors, are crucial for improving patient outcomes.

Keywords:
Heart failurePulmonary hypertensionRight ventricular dysfunction

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Pulmonary Medicine

Background:

  • Pulmonary hypertension (PH) associated with left heart disease (LHD) is the most prevalent form of PH.
  • Underappreciation of its prevalence may stem from inconsistent terminology, impacting understanding of its pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management.
  • Right ventricular dysfunction (RVD) in PH due to LHD is linked to a poor prognosis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To clarify the diagnosis and management of PH in the context of LHD.
  • To highlight the prognostic significance of RVD in PH due to LHD.
  • To explore the role of emerging technologies like implantable hemodynamic monitors.

Main Methods:

  • Hemodynamic assessment via right heart catheterization is the gold standard for diagnosing PH due to LHD.
  • Comprehensive echocardiography and integrative scoring systems are frequently utilized due to access limitations.
  • Implantable hemodynamic monitors are being explored for longitudinal data acquisition.

Main Results:

  • Accurate diagnosis of PH due to LHD relies on precise hemodynamic assessment.
  • RVD in PH due to LHD portends a worse clinical outcome.
  • Treatment of RVD focuses on managing the underlying heart failure and/or valvular disease.

Conclusions:

  • PH in the setting of LHD is common and requires accurate diagnosis.
  • RVD significantly impacts prognosis in PH due to LHD.
  • Implantable hemodynamic monitors may enhance diagnostic accuracy and treatment monitoring for PH in heart failure.