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Related Concept Videos

Drug Delivery: Overview01:16

Drug Delivery: Overview

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The selection of a drug's delivery route depends upon its physicochemical properties, including lipid or water solubility and ionization, as well as the therapeutic requirement, such as immediate or sustained effect. These routes can be divided into three primary categories: enteral, parenteral, and topical.
Enteral delivery involves administering drugs directly through swallowing, sublingual placement, or buccal application. Orally administered drugs predominantly navigate the...
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Conventional oral drug products, termed immediate-release (IR) formulations, are engineered to promptly release their active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) upon ingestion, typically in tablets or capsules. This rapid release often results in swift drug absorption and consequent pharmacodynamic effects, although the timing and intensity can vary depending on the drug's properties. Prodrugs within these formulations require metabolic conversion to activate their pharmacodynamic effects,...
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Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Bioavailability01:30

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Modified-release (MR) dosage forms are designed to extend drug release over time, thereby maintaining stable plasma concentrations and reducing dosing frequency. However, their bioavailability is typically below 100% due to incomplete drug release and presystemic metabolism, and limitations in drug permeability across the gastrointestinal epithelium, all of which can restrict the fraction of the drug reaching systemic circulation. Consequently, studying the in vivo bioavailability of MR...
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Site-Targeted Drug Delivery Systems: Polymeric Carriers01:24

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Polymeric carriers enhance targeted drug delivery by increasing efficacy while minimizing off-target effects. These carriers comprise a biodegradable polymeric backbone integrated with functional elements that enable targeting, improve physicochemical properties, and regulate drug release.Targeting MechanismsThe targeting ability of polymeric carriers is mediated by a homing device, which is a molecular recognition component designed to selectively bind to specific tissues or cells. Monoclonal...
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Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Overview01:19

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Modified-release dosage forms are designed to address the limitations of drugs with short biological half-lives. These forms maintain stable therapeutic drug concentrations over extended periods, reducing the need for frequent dosing. A consistent drug level helps minimize peak-trough fluctuations, which can reduce adverse effects, lower the risk of drug resistance, and improve overall treatment effectiveness.One common type of modified-release form is the extended-release (ER) formulation. ER...
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Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Site-Targeted01:24

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Site-targeted drug delivery systems enhance therapeutic efficacy while minimizing systemic toxicity and treatment costs. Unlike conventional methods, these systems ensure precise drug delivery, improving bioavailability and reducing side effects. Targeted drug delivery is classified into three levels. First-order targeting directs drugs to the capillary beds of specific organs or tissues. Second-order targets specific cell types, such as tumor cells, using receptor-mediated interactions.
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Cubosomes: remarkable drug delivery potential.

Zahra Karami1, Mehrdad Hamidi1

  • 1Zanjan Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology Research Center (ZPNRC), Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, 45139-56184 Zanjan, Iran.

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Cubosomes are biocompatible nanocarriers with a unique structure for drug delivery. This review explores their preparation, release mechanisms, and administration routes for enhanced therapeutic applications.

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Area of Science:

  • Nanotechnology
  • Materials Science
  • Pharmaceutical Sciences

Background:

  • Cubosomes are biocompatible nanostructured liquid crystalline particles.
  • They consist of amphiphilic lipids forming curved, bicontinuous lipid bilayers in a 3D honeycombed structure.
  • These particles feature internal aqueous channels suitable for encapsulating various bioactive ingredients.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive review of cubosomes.
  • To focus on their structure, preparation methods, release mechanisms, and administration routes.
  • To highlight their potential as drug delivery vehicles.

Main Methods:

  • This review is based on an analysis of recent scientific reports and literature.
  • It synthesizes information on the fundamental properties and applications of cubosomes.
  • The review focuses on theoretical and experimental findings related to cubosome technology.

Main Results:

  • Cubosomes exhibit thermodynamic stability and bioadhesion.
  • They can encapsulate hydrophilic, hydrophobic, and amphiphilic substances.
  • Functionalization allows for controlled drug release, enhancing their utility.

Conclusions:

  • Cubosomes are promising, versatile nanocarriers for drug delivery.
  • Their unique structure and properties support various administration routes.
  • Further research into cubosome functionalization can optimize therapeutic outcomes.