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Contrast-Induced Acute Kidney Injury: An Update

George Chalikias1, Ioannis Drosos1, Dimitrios N Tziakas2

  • 1University Cardiology Department, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, Dragana, GR-68131, Alexandroupolis, Greece.

Cardiovascular Drugs and Therapy
|January 19, 2016
PubMed

Insights

Contrast-induced acute kidney injury (CI-AKI) is a kidney function decline after contrast media, often seen after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). This review covers CI-AKI diagnosis, epidemiology, and prognosis.

Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Cardiology
  • Radiology

Background:

  • Contrast-induced acute kidney injury (CI-AKI) is a significant complication following procedures using iodinated contrast media.
  • CI-AKI is frequently observed after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), impacting patient outcomes.
  • It is associated with increased mortality, cardiovascular events, and extended hospital stays.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current data on the diagnosis of CI-AKI.
  • To provide an updated definition and discuss the epidemiology of CI-AKI.
  • To examine the prognosis and management strategies for CI-AKI.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of up-to-date published data.
  • Analysis of diagnostic criteria and incidence rates.
  • Evaluation of prognostic factors and outcomes.

Main Results:

  • CI-AKI incidence post-PCI varies from 2-20%, influenced by baseline kidney function and clinical setting.
  • Kidney function typically recovers within 7 days, with rare instances requiring dialysis.
  • Adverse outcomes include mortality, cardiovascular morbidity, and prolonged hospitalization.

Conclusions:

  • CI-AKI is a prevalent in-hospital complication of PCI requiring careful monitoring.
  • Understanding its epidemiology and prognosis is crucial for patient management.
  • Further research and standardized diagnostic approaches are needed.

Keywords:
Acute kidney injuryContrast induced nephropathyContrast mediaPercutaneous coronary intervention

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