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Related Concept Videos

Sulfur Assimilation01:20

Sulfur Assimilation

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Sulfur is an essential element in biological systems, contributing to synthesizing key biomolecules, including amino acids such as cysteine and methionine, and cofactors such as coenzyme A and biotin. Microorganisms primarily assimilate sulfur as sulfate (SO₄²⁻) from the environment, which must undergo a series of biochemical transformations before it can be incorporated into cellular components. As sulfate is highly oxidized, it must undergo assimilatory sulfate reduction to...
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Mitochondria are eukaryotic cellular organelles that are known to produce energy through a process called oxidative phosphorylation. Besides their primary function, mitochondria are involved in various cellular processes, including cell growth, differentiation, signaling, metabolism, and senescence. Age-related changes cause a decline in mitochondrial quality and integrity due to increased mitochondrial mutations and oxidative damage. Thus, aging can severely impact mitochondrial functions,...
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Aging01:26

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Aging is a complex biological phenomenon influenced by various processes that affect cellular and systemic functions. Several prominent theories attempt to explain its mechanisms, highlighting cellular limitations, oxidative damage, and hormonal changes as central factors in aging.
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The Effect of Aging on Tissues01:19

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Several body functions deteriorate with age. The external signs of aging are easily identifiable. For example, the skin becomes dry, less elastic, and thins out, forming wrinkles. The skin of the face begins to appear looser due to a decrease in the levels of elastic and collagen fibers in the connective tissue. Additionally, melanin production in the hair follicle decreases with age, resulting in gray hair. Moreover, the senses of sight and hearing decline, so glasses and hearing aids may...
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Inositol-requiring kinase one or IRE1 is the most conserved eukaryotic unfolded protein response (UPR) receptor. It is a type I transmembrane protein kinase receptor with a distinctive site-specific RNase activity. As the binding mechanics of the misfolded proteins with the N-terminal domain of IRE-1 are unclear, three binding models — direct, indirect, and allosteric -- are proposed for receptor activation. Nevertheless, it is known that once a misfolded protein associates with IRE1, it...
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The mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) is the main energy generation system in the eukaryotic cells. However, mitochondria also produce cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) due to the large electron flow during oxidative phosphorylation. While Complex I is one of the primary sources of superoxide radicals, ROS production by Complex II is uncommon and may only be observed in cancer cells with mutated complexes.
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Related Experiment Video

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Measurements of Physiological Stress Responses in C. Elegans
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SIRT6, oxidative stress, and aging.

Chen-Yu Liao1, Brian K Kennedy1

  • 1Buck Institute for Research on Aging, 8001 Redwood Blvd., Novato, CA 94945, USA.

Cell Research
|January 20, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Oxidative stress

Area of Science:

  • Gerontology and cellular biology

Background:

  • The role of oxidative stress in aging is debated.
  • Oxidative homeostasis is crucial for cellular function.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of SIRT6 deacetylase in oxidative homeostasis.
  • To explore the function of SIRT6 in human mesenchymal stem cells during aging.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of SIRT6 deacetylase activity.
  • Assessment of oxidative stress markers.
  • Study of human mesenchymal stem cells.

Main Results:

  • SIRT6 plays a novel role in controlling oxidative homeostasis.
  • Aging-associated SIRT6 influences oxidative balance in stem cells.

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Deacetylation Assays to Unravel the Interplay between Sirtuins SIRT2 and Specific Protein-substrates
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A Quantitative Measurement of Reactive Oxygen Species and Senescence-associated Secretory Phenotype in Normal Human Fibroblasts During Oncogene-induced Senescence
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Conclusions:

  • SIRT6 is a key regulator of oxidative homeostasis in human mesenchymal stem cells.
  • This finding offers new insights into the aging process and oxidative stress.