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Related Concept Videos

Trihybrid Crosses02:27

Trihybrid Crosses

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Trihybrid Crosses
Some of Mendel’s crosses examined three pairs of contrasting characteristics. Such a cross is called a trihybrid cross. A trihybrid cross is a combination of three individual monohybrid crosses. For example, plant height (tall vs. short), seed shape (round vs. wrinkled), and seed color (yellow vs. green).
The F1 generation plants of a trihybrid cross are heterozygous for all three traits and produce eight gametes. Upon self-fertilization, these gametes have an equal...
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Gregor Mendel's work (1822 - 1884) was primarily focused on pea plants. Through his initial experiments, he determined that every gene in a diploid cell has two variants called alleles inherited from each parent. He suggested that amongst these two alleles, one allele is dominant in character and the other recessive. The combination of alleles determines the phenotype of a gene in an organism.
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Law of Segregation01:49

Law of Segregation

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When crossing pea plants, Mendel noticed that one of the parental traits would sometimes disappear in the first generation of offspring, called the F1 generation, and could reappear in the next generation (F2). He concluded that one of the traits must be dominant over the other, thereby causing masking of one trait in the F1 generation. When he crossed the F1 plants, he found that 75% of the offspring in the F2 generation had the dominant phenotype, while 25% had the recessive phenotype.
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Frequency-dependent Selection01:21

Frequency-dependent Selection

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When the fitness of a trait is influenced by how common it is (i.e., its frequency) relative to different traits within a population, this is referred to as frequency-dependent selection. Frequency-dependent selection may occur between species or within a single species. This type of selection can either be positive—with more common phenotypes having higher fitness—or negative, with rarer phenotypes conferring increased fitness.
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A Contrast of Three Inoculation Techniques used to Determine the Race of Unknown Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. niveum Isolates
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Sequence variations in the FAD2 gene in seeded pumpkins.

Y Ge1,2, Y Chang1, W L Xu1

  • 1Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Northeast Region), Department of Horticulture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China.

Genetics and Molecular Research : GMR
|January 20, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Sequence variations in the fatty acid desaturase-2 (FAD2) gene were analyzed in seeded pumpkins. Nucleotide substitutions, not indels, drive FAD2 polymorphism, linked to species and origin.

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Area of Science:

  • Plant Molecular Biology
  • Agricultural Science
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Seeded pumpkins are economically important crops, with seeds rich in essential unsaturated fatty acids like oleic and linoleic acid.
  • The fatty acid desaturase-2 (FAD2) gene is key for converting oleic acid to linoleic acid, vital for nutrition.
  • Limited information exists on FAD2 gene sequence variations within different pumpkin species.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate sequence variations in the FAD2 gene across diverse seeded pumpkin accessions.
  • To understand the relationship between FAD2 sequence polymorphism, pumpkin species, and geographic origin.

Main Methods:

  • Cloning and sequencing of the FAD2 gene (1152 bp, single exon) from 27 accessions representing four Cucurbita species.
  • Analysis of nucleotide and amino acid sequence identities and variations.
  • Phylogenetic analysis using the unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA).

Main Results:

  • High nucleotide identity (>90%) was observed among the 27 FAD2 clones.
  • Sequence polymorphism was primarily driven by nucleotide substitutions, with insertions/deletions being rare.
  • Amino acid sequence identity ranged from 91.7% to 100%, with a conserved functional domain identified.
  • Phylogenetic analysis revealed distinct clustering of the four pumpkin species.
  • FAD2 sequence variation correlated significantly with both species and geographic origin.

Conclusions:

  • The FAD2 gene in seeded pumpkins exhibits conserved sequences but displays notable polymorphism driven by substitutions.
  • Species identity and geographic origin are key factors influencing FAD2 sequence variation in Cucurbita.
  • Understanding these variations can aid in breeding programs for enhanced fatty acid profiles in pumpkin seeds.