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Updated: Mar 26, 2026

Decoding Natural Behavior from Neuroethological Embedding
Published on: October 3, 2025
The parental brain: A neural framework for study of teaching in humans and other animals
Hesun Erin Kim1, Adrianna Torres-Garcia1, James E Swain1
1Departments of Psychiatry,Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry,University of Michigan,Ann Arbor,MI 48105.erinkim@umich.eduatorresg@med.umich.edu.
Abstract:
Parenting, conceptualized as a specific form of teaching, may inform mentalistic, culture-based, and functional definitions. Combined brain-imaging, hormone-measurement, and cognitive-behavioral analyses indicate the importance of mentalization circuits. These circuits appear to function according to culture, and cross animal species. Further, these approaches shed light on sex differences through work on fathers as well as mothers, are affected by psychopathology, and may be amenable to treatment in ways that may be applied to optimize teaching.
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