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Related Concept Videos

Vision01:24

Vision

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Vision is the result of light being detected and transduced into neural signals by the retina of the eye. This information is then further analyzed and interpreted by the brain. First, light enters the front of the eye and is focused by the cornea and lens onto the retina—a thin sheet of neural tissue lining the back of the eye. Because of refraction through the convex lens of the eye, images are projected onto the retina upside-down and reversed.
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Visual System01:26

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Light enters the eye through the cornea, a transparent, dome-shaped surface covering the surface of the eyeball that helps to direct and focus incoming light. This light is then channeled toward the pupil, an adjustable opening whose size is controlled by the iris. The iris, a pigmented muscle, regulates the amount of light entering the eye by contracting or dilating the pupil, thereby ensuring optimal light levels for clear vision.
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Anatomy of the Eyeball01:20

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The eye is a spherical, hollow structure composed of three tissue layers. The outer layer — the fibrous tunic, comprises the sclera — a white structure — and the cornea, which is transparent. The sclera encompasses some of the ocular surface, most of which is not visible. However, the 'white of the eye' is distinctively visible in humans compared to other species. The cornea, a clear covering at the front of the eye, enables light penetration. The eye's middle...
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Parallel Processing01:20

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The brain processes sensory information rapidly due to parallel processing, which involves sending data across multiple neural pathways at the same time. This method allows the brain to manage various sensory qualities, such as shapes, colors, movements, and locations, all concurrently. For instance, when observing a forest landscape, the brain simultaneously processes the movement of leaves, the shapes of trees, the depth between them, and the various shades of green. This enables a quick and...
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Depth perception is the ability to perceive objects three-dimensionally. It relies on two types of cues: binocular and monocular. Binocular cues depend on the combination of images from both eyes and how the eyes work together. Since the eyes are in slightly different positions, each eye captures a slightly different image. This disparity between images, known as binocular disparity, helps the brain interpret depth. When the brain compares these images, it determines the distance to an object.
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The Retina01:32

The Retina

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The retina is a layer of nervous tissue at the back of the eye that transduces light into neural signals. This process, called phototransduction, is carried out by rod and cone photoreceptor cells in the back of the retina.
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Here, there and everywhere: higher visual function and the dorsal visual stream.

Sarah Anne Cooper1, Michael O'Sullivan2

  • 1Department of Neurology, Hurstwood Park Neurological Centre, Princess Royal Hospital, Haywards Heath, UK.

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|January 21, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This review explores the dorsal visual stream, or 'where' pathway, detailing its role in perception and action. It examines associated disorders like Balint's syndrome and conditions such as blindsight and hemispatial neglect.

Keywords:
NEUROOPHTHALMOLOGYVISIONVISUAL ATTENTION

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Visual Perception

Background:

  • The dorsal visual stream, known as the 'where' pathway, processes spatial information from the primary visual cortex to the parietal lobe.
  • It functions in parallel with the ventral ('what') stream, which is primarily temporal.
  • Understanding the dorsal stream is crucial for comprehending visual processing and its disorders.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the functions of the dorsal visual stream.
  • To discuss perceptual and action-related disorders associated with dorsal stream dysfunction.
  • To explore the dorsal stream's involvement in blindsight and hemispatial neglect.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on the dorsal visual stream.
  • Analysis of perceptual disorders (simultanagnosia, akinetopsia).
  • Examination of action-related consequences (optic ataxia, oculomotor apraxia, Balint's syndrome).

Main Results:

  • The dorsal stream is critical for spatial awareness and visually guided actions.
  • Disorders like simultanagnosia and akinetopsia highlight specific deficits in dorsal stream function.
  • Conditions such as Balint's syndrome, blindsight, and hemispatial neglect are linked to dorsal stream impairments.

Conclusions:

  • The dorsal visual stream plays a vital role in both perception and action.
  • Dysfunction in this pathway leads to a range of complex neurological and visual disorders.
  • Further research into the dorsal stream can illuminate mechanisms of visual processing and neurological conditions.