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Evolutionary Insights into IL17A in Lagomorphs.

Fabiana Neves1, Joana Abrantes2, Tereza Almeida2

  • 1CIBIO, InBIO-Research Network in Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, Universidade do Porto, Campus de Vairão, Rua Padre Armando Quintas, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal; Unidade Multidisciplinar de Investigação Biomédica (UMIB), Universidade do Porto (UP), Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, No. 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Interleukin-17A (IL17A) is highly conserved in lagomorphs, but a specific mutation in European rabbits and hares may alter its function. This suggests European rabbits could be a better model for studying human IL17.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Comparative genomics
  • Evolutionary biology

Background:

  • Interleukin-17A (IL17A) plays a crucial role in host defense against extracellular pathogens, notably Francisella tularensis, which causes tularemia in lagomorphs.
  • Understanding IL17A conservation and variation across lagomorph species is vital for host-pathogen interaction studies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the conservation and potential functional variations of IL17A across five lagomorph species: European rabbit, pygmy rabbit, brush rabbit, European brown hare, and American pika.
  • To evaluate the evolutionary relationship of lagomorph IL17A with human and rodent counterparts.
  • To assess the suitability of the European rabbit as an animal model for human IL17 research.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative sequence analysis of IL17A across selected lagomorph species.
  • Identification and analysis of conserved structural features, including exon/intron structure, N-glycosylation sites, and cysteine residues.
  • Examination of specific amino acid mutations, particularly at codon 88, and their potential impact on protein-ligand interactions.

Main Results:

  • IL17A is highly conserved among lagomorphs (97-99% similarity) and shows significant similarity with American pika (~88%).
  • Key structural elements like exon/intron boundaries, N-glycosylation sites, and cysteine residues are conserved across lagomorphs.
  • A notable Arg>Pro mutation at codon 88, an IL17RA interaction site, was identified exclusively in European rabbit and European brown hare, potentially altering IL17A function.
  • European rabbit IL17A sequences show closer evolutionary relationships to human IL17A than to mouse IL17A.

Conclusions:

  • The high conservation of IL17A in lagomorphs underscores its fundamental role in host defense.
  • The identified Arg>Pro mutation in European rabbit and European brown hare IL17A may lead to functional divergence.
  • European rabbits represent a potentially valuable animal model for human IL17-related research due to their sequence homology with human IL17A.