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Related Concept Videos

Autism Spectrum Disorder01:19

Autism Spectrum Disorder

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Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition marked by persistent deficits in social communication and interaction alongside restrictive and repetitive behaviors or interests. ASD is sometimes accompanied by intellectual impairment.
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The process of olfaction, also known as the sense of smell, is a sophisticated chemical response system. The specialized sensory neurons that facilitate this process, known as olfactory receptor neurons, are situated in an upper segment of the nasal cavity, known as the olfactory epithelium. Olfactory sensory neurons are bipolar, with their dendrites extending from the epithelium's apex into the mucus that lines the nasal cavity. Airborne molecules, when inhaled, traverse the olfactory...
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The sense of smell is achieved through the activities of the olfactory system. It starts when an airborne odorant enters the nasal cavity and reaches olfactory epithelium (OE). The OE is protected by a thin layer of mucus, which also serves the purpose of dissolving more complex compounds into simpler chemical odorants. The size of the OE and the density of sensory neurons varies among species; in humans, the OE is only about 9-10 cm2.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 26, 2026

Testing Sensory and Multisensory Function in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder
09:13

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Olfactory processing in adults with autism spectrum disorders.

Bruno Wicker1, Elisabetta Monfardini2, Jean-Pierre Royet3

  • 1Institut de Neurosciences de la Timone. CNRS & Université Aix-Marseille, Campus Santé Timone 27, Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille cedex 05, France.

Molecular Autism
|January 21, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) show impaired olfactory processing, including difficulties with odor detection, intensity, and identification. These findings suggest potential olfactory system dysfunction in ASD.

Keywords:
Autism spectrum disordersHyperresponsivenessIdentificationIntensityOlfactionPleasantnessSuprathreshold detection

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychology
  • Sensory Processing

Background:

  • Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are characterized by atypical sensory behaviors.
  • Olfactory abilities in individuals with ASD remain under-researched.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate olfactory abilities in adults with ASD.
  • To investigate odor processing across detection, perception, and identification tasks.

Main Methods:

  • Olfactory tests were administered to 15 adults with ASD and 15 controls.
  • Tests included suprathreshold detection, intensity/pleasantness judgments, and odor identification.

Main Results:

  • ASD group showed decreased odor discrimination and increased bias (false alarms).
  • Participants with ASD had altered intensity and pleasantness judgments, with impaired identification.
  • Near misses in identification suggest functional categorical processing but potential attention deficits.

Conclusions:

  • ASD is associated with altered olfactory processing, possibly due to a liberal response strategy and hyperresponsiveness.
  • Findings suggest olfactory system dysfunction in individuals with ASD.
  • Further research may explore links to attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.