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Diagnosis and Management of Bladder Outlet Obstruction in Women
Chia-Da Lin1,2, Hann-Chorng Kuo2,3, Stephen S-D Yang1,2
1Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, New Taipei, Taiwan.
Abstract:
Bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) should be considered when a woman complains of voiding difficulty, abdominal straining to void, or refractory storage symptoms. Diagnosis of female BOO is not straightforward and usually requires invasive (video)urodyanmic study. A diagnostic algorithm is recommended for making optimal diagnosis. Female BOO can be classified as having anatomical and functional origins, and each contains several sub-classifications. Literatures published between 1988 and 2013 were reviewed and summarized for the diagnosis and therapy in each subtype of female BOO.
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