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Related Concept Videos

Development of Human Microbiota01:30

Development of Human Microbiota

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The human microbiota begins developing at birth and undergoes continual change as we age. Infancy marks a critical period of microbial sensitivity, offering a “window of opportunity” during which beneficial microbes help mature the immune system. By age three, children typically develop a more stable and diverse microbial community. Newborns acquire microbes from their immediate environment; vaginal delivery favors maternal vaginal microbes, while cesarean births favor microbes from...
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Introduction to the Human Microbiota01:22

Introduction to the Human Microbiota

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Microorganisms colonize various regions of the human body, including the mouth, nasal passages, throat, stomach, intestines, urogenital tract, and skin. The total number of microbial cells is estimated to range from 10¹³ to 10¹⁴—comparable to, or exceeding, the number of human somatic cells. This host–microbiome relationship has led to the conceptualization of humans as supraorganisms, wherein microbial communities perform vital roles in development, immunity,...
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Functions of the Gut Microbiota01:18

Functions of the Gut Microbiota

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The gut microbiota includes trillions of microorganisms that colonize the human gastrointestinal tract, including bacteria, archaea, viruses, and fungi. This complex ecosystem plays a critical role in maintaining intestinal and systemic health. Most of these microbes inhabit the large intestine, establishing a relatively stable and diverse community that contributes to gut homeostasis through various metabolic, immunological, and protective mechanisms.Dominant bacterial phyla, such as...
24
Microbiota of the Large Intestine01:27

Microbiota of the Large Intestine

15
The large intestine hosts the most densely populated microbial ecosystem in the human body. This complex community primarily consists of anaerobic bacteria, with Bacillota (formerly Firmicutes) and Bacteroidota (formerly Bacteroidetes) as the predominant groups. The distribution of these microbes varies along different sections of the large intestine, influenced by local environmental factors such as oxygen availability and nutrient composition.The cecum, located at the beginning of the large...
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Gut-Brain Axis01:22

Gut-Brain Axis

39
The gut–brain axis is a bidirectional communication system that connects the gastrointestinal tract and the brain. This interaction is mediated through multiple pathways, including the vagus nerve, hormonal signals, immune responses, and chemical messengers produced by gut microbes.Microbial Contributions to Brain FunctionGut microbiota contributes significantly to brain function by producing neuroactive compounds. These include neuroactive compounds that influence neurotransmitters such...
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Probiotics01:22

Probiotics

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Probiotics are live, non-pathogenic microorganisms that confer health benefits by modulating the gut microbiota. The human gastrointestinal tract harbors a complex microbial ecosystem, and the balance of this microbiota is crucial for digestive and systemic health. Among the most extensively studied and utilized probiotics are species formerly classified within the genera Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium. These organisms not only naturally colonize the human gut but are also consumed through...
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An In Vitro Batch-culture Model to Estimate the Effects of Interventional Regimens on Human Fecal Microbiota
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Microbiota manipulation for weight change.

Tal Dror1, Yaakov Dickstein2, Grégory Dubourg3

  • 1The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel.

Microbial Pathogenesis
|January 22, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Probiotics may aid adult weight loss and child weight gain, while antibiotics show potential for weight gain in specific pediatric conditions. Further research is needed to confirm these findings.

Keywords:
AntibioticsMeta-analysisPrebioticsProbioticsSynbioticsSystematic reviewWeight

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiome research
  • Human physiology
  • Nutritional science

Background:

  • Intestinal microbiota manipulation is associated with weight changes and obesity.
  • Understanding the impact of agents altering gut flora on weight is crucial for public health.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To conduct a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on the effects of probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, and antibiotics on weight.
  • To evaluate these effects across different patient groups: adults, children, and infants.

Main Methods:

  • Searched Pubmed and Cochrane Library for relevant RCTs.
  • Calculated standardized mean differences (SMDs) with 95% confidence intervals for weight change.
  • Included 13 adult, 17 children, and 23 infant RCTs.

Main Results:

  • Adults showed weight loss (SMD -0.54) with probiotics, while children and infants showed minor weight gains (SMD 0.20 and 0.30, respectively).
  • Azithromycin in children with pulmonary disease was linked to weight gain (SMD 0.39).
  • Substantial heterogeneity was noted in adult and infant analyses; risk of bias was detected across studies.

Conclusions:

  • Probiotics may play a role in promoting weight loss in adults and weight gain in children.
  • Antibiotic administration is not recommended for general weight manipulation but shows benefits for weight gain in pediatric cystic fibrosis and bronchiectasis.
  • Additional studies are required to draw firm conclusions due to heterogeneity and detected biases.