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Related Concept Videos

Autoimmune Disorders01:29

Autoimmune Disorders

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Autoimmune diseases are a group of disorders in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own cells, tissues, and organs. This results from an overactive immune response against substances and tissues normally present in the body. Let's delve into the concept and mechanism of autoimmune diseases from an immune system point of view, explore different causes and examples of such diseases, and discuss potential solutions.
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Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones01:20

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Low blood levels of the thyroid hormones — triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) — signal the hypothalamus to release the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). TRH then reaches the pituitary gland and stimulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH) into the bloodstream.
Upon reaching the thyroid gland, TSH stimulates the follicular cells' active uptake of iodide ions from the blood. The ions diffuse to the apical surface of the cells and are oxidized to iodine. The...
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The Thyroid Gland01:23

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The thyroid gland is a small, butterfly-shaped gland located in the neck and covers the anterior surface of the trachea. The gland has two lateral lobes connected by a thin tissue mass called the isthmus. Internally, each lobe comprises many small spherical structures known as thyroid follicles, surrounded by a network of blood vessels.
The follicles have a central cavity lined by simple cuboidal to squamous epithelial cells called follicular cells. These cells produce the glycoprotein...
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Myasthenia Gravis: Diagnostic Tests01:15

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Myasthenia gravis is an autoimmune condition affecting neuromuscular transmission, causing generalized weakness in skeletal muscles. Initial diagnoses rely on patients' signs, symptoms, and medical history. The challenge lies in distinguishing myasthenia from other muscular dystrophies. An important diagnostic feature is the significant improvement of symptoms after administering anticholinesterase inhibitors.
The edrophonium test is a diagnostic tool for myasthenia gravis. It involves...
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Myasthenia Gravis: Overview and Treatment01:20

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Myasthenia gravis is a neuromuscular transmission disorder characterized by weakness and increased fatigability of skeletal muscles. It is an autoimmune disease affecting approximately one in 2000 people, where antibodies against the α1 subunit of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors are produced.
These antibodies interfere with the function of the nicotinic receptors in three ways: by binding to the receptor and disrupting acetylcholine binding; by causing cross-linking of receptors which...
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Generation of a Mouse Spontaneous Autoimmune Thyroiditis Model
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SELENIUM STATUS IN AUTOIMMUNE THYROIDITIS.

Ioana Vasiliu, Cristina Preda, Ionela Lăcrămioara Serban

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    |January 23, 2016
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    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    This study found a weak negative correlation between selenium levels and antithyroid antibodies in euthyroid individuals. Selenium supplementation may potentially benefit thyroid autoimmunity management.

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    Area of Science:

    • Endocrinology
    • Nutritional Science
    • Immunology

    Background:

    • Selenium (Se) is vital for selenoprotein function, particularly in thyroid hormone metabolism.
    • The thyroid gland has a high concentration of selenium, but its role in autoimmune thyroid disease is not fully understood.
    • Existing evidence linking selenium and thyroid autoimmunity is limited, necessitating further investigation.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To assess selenium status in euthyroid individuals diagnosed with autoimmune thyroiditis.
    • To explore potential correlations between selenium levels and thyroid autoimmunity markers.

    Main Methods:

    • 100 consecutive euthyroid subjects with autoimmune thyroiditis were recruited.
    • Serum selenium, thyroid antibodies (TPOAb, TgAb), TSH, and thyroid ultrasound were measured.
    • Data were analyzed for correlations with age, TSH, and antibody levels.

    Main Results:

    • No significant age-related differences were observed in antibody levels, TSH, or selenium concentrations.
    • A weak, statistically insignificant negative correlation trend was noted between selenium and antithyroid antibodies (TPOAb and TgAb).
    • Low TSH levels were associated with low selenium in 11.6% of cases, but this correlation was not statistically significant.

    Conclusions:

    • A weak negative correlation between selenium and antithyroid antibodies suggests a potential role for selenium.
    • Selenium supplementation might offer benefits in managing the course of thyroid autoimmunity.
    • Further research is warranted to fully elucidate the relationship between selenium and thyroid autoimmunity.