[Recent advancements in prostate cancer basic research]

Understanding mechanisms of transition to castration-resistant prostate cancer(PCa) through results of various basic researches in PCa field has introduced two new hormonal reagents (abiraterone acetate and enzalutamide) in our clinical fields. Moreover, recent advancements in technologies such as next-generation sequencing (NGS) have improved our understanding of the biology of PCa and helping to move PCa toward the personalized treatment paradigm. Herein, we review some of our current knowledge of the PCa mutational landscape through NGS and also discuss about the evolution of more sensitive modern mass spectrometric analytical techniques such as imaging mass spectrometry. Additionally, we summarized our understanding of some mechanisms of resistance against the new hormonal reagents.