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Letter Reversals, Default Mode, and Childhood ADHD
1University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
Journal of Attention Disorders
|January 23, 2016
Summary
Children exhibiting letter reversals later in development showed increased reaction time variability (RTV). This suggests potential early signs of information processing difficulties in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).
Area of Science:
- Neurodevelopmental disorders
- Child psychiatry
- Cognitive neuroscience
Background:
- Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder.
- Reaction time variability (RTV) is a key cognitive marker associated with ADHD.
- Static reversals and handedness are developmental milestones that may relate to cognitive processing.
Purpose of the Study:
- To examine the association between static reversals, handedness, and gender with RTV in children evaluated for ADHD.
- To identify potential early indicators of cognitive dysfunction in pediatric populations.
Main Methods:
- A cohort of 1,109 children referred for possible ADHD assessment was studied.
- Data collected included DSM-III ADHD diagnosis, severity ratings, age of static reversal persistence, and handedness.
- Reaction time variability (RTV) was measured as a primary outcome.
Main Results:
- The persistence of letter reversals was significantly correlated with RTV in both male and female children.
- Handedness and gender did not show a significant association with RTV in this sample.
Conclusions:
- Delayed resolution of static reversals may indicate an early neurodevelopmental marker for altered information processing in children.
- Findings suggest a potential link between visual processing and attentional control deficits in ADHD.
- These results may point to underlying failures in suppressing symmetrical visual information or default mode network activity.
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