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Falls in older persons. Causes and interventions.

J J Hindmarsh1, E H Estes

  • 1US Preventive Services Task Force, Johns Hopkins University Center on Aging, Baltimore, Md.

Archives of Internal Medicine
|October 1, 1989
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

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Falls in older adults cause injury and death, signaling functional decline. Identifying high-risk individuals and addressing patient/environmental factors through assessment and exercise is crucial for prevention.

Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Public Health
  • Preventive Medicine

Background:

  • Falls are a significant cause of injury, disability, and mortality in older adults.
  • Fear of falling can lead to inactivity and deconditioning, paradoxically increasing fall risk.
  • Falls indicate a decline in functional ability, necessitating comprehensive assessment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the importance of identifying older adults at high risk of falls.
  • To emphasize the need for systematic evaluation of contributing factors to falls.
  • To underscore the role of intervention in fall prevention.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic evaluation of high-risk individuals and those experiencing falls.
  • Assessment of patient-specific factors (e.g., underlying disease, medication effects, gait, balance).

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  • Identification and modification of environmental risk factors.

    • Main Results:

    • Falls are linked to underlying medical conditions, medication side effects, and impaired mobility.
    • Environmental hazards are significant contributors to fall incidents.
    • Fear of falling exacerbates the problem through reduced physical activity.

    Conclusions:

    • Early identification and thorough assessment are key to preventing falls in older adults.
    • Interventions targeting patient and environmental factors are essential for reducing fall-related injuries.
    • Regular exercise and physical activity are vital for maintaining balance and preventing falls.