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Related Concept Videos

Vesicular Tubular Clusters01:45

Vesicular Tubular Clusters

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After budding out from the ER membrane, some COPII vesicles lose their coat and fuse with one another to form larger vesicles and interconnected tubules called vesicular tubular clusters or VTCs. These clusters constitute a compartment at the ER-Golgi interface known as ERGIC (Endoplasmic Reticulum Golgi Intermediate Compartment). The ERGIC is a mobile membrane-bound cargo transport system that sorts proteins secreted from ER and delivers them to the Golgi.
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Secretory vesicles, also known as dense core vesicles (DCVs), are membrane-bound vesicles that transport secretory proteins, such as hormones or neurotransmitters. Regulated secretory vesicles transport proteins from the trans-Golgi network to the exterior of the cell. Proteins present in regulated secretory vesicles are required to be rapidly exocytosed in large amounts upon a specific stimulus.
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SNAREs and Membrane Fusion01:43

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Once a transport vesicle has recognized its target organelle, the vesicular membrane needs to fuse with the target membrane to unload the cargo. Transmembrane proteins called SNAREs present on organelle membranes and their vesicles, mediate vesicle fusion.
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Intraluminal vesicles (ILVs) are small vesicles 50-80 nm in diameter formed during the maturation of early endosomes. A specialized endosome containing numerous ILVs is called a multivesicular body (MVB). ILVs contain internalized molecules such as antigens, nucleic acids, proteins, and metabolites. Some of these molecules are released from the MVBs inside exosomes and are transported to other cells. Other MVBs contain molecules that are retained in the ILVs and are later degraded within the...
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While it is unclear how molecules move between adjacent Golgi cisternae, it is apparent that the molecules move from cis- cisterna, the entry face, to the trans- cisterna, the exit face. Experiments initially suggested vesicles that bud from one cisterna and fuse with the next cisterna to transport proteins between the cisternae. This vesicular transport model describes the Golgi apparatus as a relatively static structure with a unique enzyme composition in each cisterna. Molecules are...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 26, 2026

Phase Behavior of Charged Vesicles Under Symmetric and Asymmetric Solution Conditions Monitored with Fluorescence Microscopy
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Vesicle Geometries Enabled by Dynamically Trapped States.

Jiaye Su1, Zhenwei Yao, Monica Olvera de la Cruz

  • 1Department of Applied Physics, Nanjing University of Science and Technology , Nanjing, Jiangsu 210094, China.

ACS Nano
|January 23, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Researchers developed dynamic protocols to control vesicle shapes beyond equilibrium. Dehydration-induced shape transformations in crystalline vesicles were numerically produced and analyzed, enabling new applications.

Keywords:
dynamic protocolmolecular dynamicspolyhedronshapesvesicles

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Area of Science:

  • Biophysics
  • Materials Science
  • Soft Matter Physics

Background:

  • Controlling vesicle shape is crucial for biophysics and materials design.
  • Equilibrium states limit the achievable shapes for fluid and crystalline vesicles.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To design dynamic protocols for expanding the shape space of vesicles.
  • To achieve controllable vesicle shape transformations beyond equilibrium.

Main Methods:

  • Numerical simulations of vesicle dehydration.
  • Analytical elasticity analysis of crystalline vesicle behavior.

Main Results:

  • Dynamically trapped stable vesicle shapes were produced by controlled water removal.
  • Crystalline vesicles transformed from fullerene-like to faceted polyhedrons.
  • Shape transformations were attributed to the crystalline nature of the vesicle.

Conclusions:

  • Dynamic protocols offer a method to engineer vesicle shape transformations.
  • Expanded vesicle shape control has potential for diverse applications.