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Imaging for adrenal tumours.

F L Chan, C Wang

    Bailliere'S Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism
    |May 1, 1989
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Computed tomography (CT) is crucial for diagnosing adrenal tumors, offering high detection rates for functioning adrenal tumors. Complementary imaging is vital for small or ectopic tumors, and MRI shows future promise.

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    Area of Science:

    • Radiology
    • Endocrinology
    • Oncology

    Background:

    • Medical imaging advancements have significantly improved adrenal disease diagnosis and management.
    • Adrenal tumors present diverse diagnostic imaging challenges requiring individualized investigation strategies.
    • Clinical and biochemical findings guide the selection and monitoring of appropriate imaging investigations.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To review the role of various medical imaging modalities in the diagnosis and management of adrenal diseases.
    • To highlight the strengths and limitations of computed tomography (CT) in adrenal tumor localization.
    • To discuss complementary imaging techniques and emerging modalities like MRI for adrenal disorders.

    Main Methods:

    • Review of current literature on medical imaging in adrenal disease.

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  • Emphasis on the utility of CT for localizing functioning adrenal tumors.
  • Discussion of supplementary methods including venous sampling, radionuclide scintigraphy, arteriography, and CT-guided biopsy.

    • Main Results:

    • CT is the preferred modality for localizing functioning adrenal tumors due to safety and high detection rates.
    • CT effectively detects large tumors causing Cushing's syndrome and pheochromocytomas, and small tumors causing primary hyperaldosteronism.
    • CT is less reliable for adrenal hyperplasia and lacks functional imaging capabilities; complementary methods are needed for small/ectopic tumors and incidentalomas.

    Conclusions:

    • CT plays a central role in diagnosing and localizing adrenal tumors, particularly functioning ones.
    • Venous sampling, radionuclide scintigraphy, and arteriography are valuable adjuncts for challenging cases.
    • Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) shows promise but requires further validation and wider availability for adrenal disorder diagnosis.