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Related Concept Videos

Cells of the Epidermis01:24

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The epidermis is made of four or five layers of epithelial cells, depending on its location in the body. From deep to superficial, these layers are the stratum basale, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, stratum lucidum, and stratum corneum.
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Stratified epithelium consists of several stacked layers of cells. They provide the durability to withstand constant physical and chemical attacks. Stratified epithelium is named after the shape of the most apical layer of cells. Stratified squamous epithelium is the most common type found in the human body. In this tissue, the apical cells are squamous, whereas the basal layer contains either columnar or cuboidal cells. The basal cells divide to form new daughter cells, which gradually become...
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Classification of Epithelial Tissues: Simple Epithelium01:30

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Simple epithelium consists of a single layer of cells that lines body cavities and blood vessels. The shape of the cells in the epithelium reflects the function of the tissue. Cells in simple squamous epithelium appear as thin scales with flat, elliptical nuclei that mirror the form of the cell.
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Classification of Epithelial Tissues: Overview01:22

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Epithelial tissues are classified according to the shape of the cells and the number of cell layers formed. Cell shapes can be squamous (flattened and thin), cuboidal (square-like, as wide as it is tall), or columnar (rectangular, taller than it is wide). Additionally, the nucleus shape helps identify the type of epithelial cells. Squamous cells have flattened disc-shaped nuclei, cuboidal cells have spherical nuclei, and columnar cells have elongated nuclei.
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The skin is divided into epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis, the skin's outermost, middle, and inner layers. The human epidermal layer regularly undergoes renewal, where old, dead cells are replaced by new cells. Epidermal stem cells or EpiSCs divide and differentiate to restore the lost cells. For the renewal process, some EpiSCs continuously self-renew. In contrast, few others differentiate into transit-amplifying cells, which later form prickle or spinous cells, followed by granular...
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Layers of the Epidermis01:21

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The epidermis, the outermost layer of the skin, is composed of several distinct layers. From deep to superficial, the layers of the epidermis are as follows:
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Isolation and Culture of Primary Mouse Keratinocytes from Neonatal and Adult Mouse Skin
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Isolation and Culture of Primary Mouse Keratinocytes from Neonatal and Adult Mouse Skin

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Simple Epithelial Keratins.

Pavel Strnad1, Nurdan Guldiken1, Terhi O Helenius2

  • 1Department of Internal Medicine III and IZKF, University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany.

Methods in Enzymology
|January 23, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Simple epithelial keratins (SEKs) are vital proteins in epithelial cells, offering cytoprotection. Research reviews methods to study SEKs and their role in diseases like steatohepatitis.

Keywords:
DownregulationHigh salt extractImmunoprecipitationMutationOverexpression

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Simple epithelial keratins (SEKs) are intermediate filament proteins crucial for epithelial cell structure and function.
  • They form heteropolymers of type I and type II keratins and possess cytoprotective roles.
  • SEK network alterations, such as Mallory-Denk bodies (MDBs), are implicated in liver diseases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review methodologies for SEK isolation and study.
  • To discuss the utility and limitations of transgenic SEK mouse models.
  • To summarize tools for inducing, visualizing, and quantifying MDBs and detecting SEK variants in humans.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of SEK research methodologies.
  • Analysis of existing transgenic SEK mouse models.
  • Summary of techniques for MDB induction, detection, and quantification.

Main Results:

  • Established methods for SEK isolation and cell culture studies are presented.
  • Advantages and disadvantages of various transgenic SEK mouse models are discussed.
  • Tools and approaches for studying MDBs and SEK variants in human samples are summarized.

Conclusions:

  • Comprehensive review of SEK research tools and models.
  • Highlights the importance of SEKs in epithelial biology and disease.
  • Provides a resource for researchers investigating SEKs and related pathologies.