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α-Internexin and Peripherin: Expression, Assembly, Functions, and Roles in Disease.

Jian Zhao1, Ronald K H Liem1

  • 1Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, USA.

Methods in Enzymology
|January 23, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

α-Internexin and peripherin are key neuronal intermediate filament proteins. α-Internexin functions in the central nervous system, while peripherin is prominent in the peripheral nervous system and linked to ALS.

Keywords:
Intermediate filamentsNeurodegenerative diseaseNeurofilamentNeurofilament triplet proteins

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cell Biology
  • Protein Biochemistry

Background:

  • α-Internexin and peripherin are neuronal-specific intermediate filament (IF) proteins.
  • α-Internexin is a type IV IF protein, similar to neurofilament triplet proteins (NFTPs), and is proposed as a fourth neurofilament subunit in the CNS.
  • Peripherin is a type III IF protein, predominantly expressed in the PNS, and is considered a fourth neurofilament subunit in the PNS.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the roles and characteristics of α-internexin and peripherin as neuronal IF proteins.
  • To investigate the potential of α-internexin and peripherin as additional neurofilament subunits.
  • To explore the involvement of peripherin in neurodegenerative diseases like ALS.

Main Methods:

  • In vitro self-polymerization assays.
  • Analysis of protein expression in transfected cells.
  • Examination of protein presence during development and in specific neuronal populations (cerebellum, sciatic nerve).
  • Investigation of peripherin isoforms and their potential functional significance.
  • Analysis of peripherin in patient samples with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS).

Main Results:

  • α-Internexin self-polymerizes and is present in the absence of NFTPs during development and in cerebellar granule cells.
  • Peripherin self-assembles, is abundant in the PNS, and exhibits multiple isoforms whose functions are unclear.
  • Peripherin is a major component of inclusions in ALS patients, with upregulated expression.

Conclusions:

  • α-Internexin and peripherin are crucial neuronal IF proteins with distinct CNS and PNS roles, respectively.
  • Both proteins can function as additional neurofilament subunits.
  • Peripherin's association with ALS highlights its potential role in neurodegeneration.