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Related Concept Videos

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Excretion01:26

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Excretion

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In pediatric medicine, understanding the renal function and drug elimination nuances is crucial for administering safe and effective treatments. Newborns, in particular, display markedly slower renal functions than adults, profoundly affecting how drugs are cleared from their bodies. This slower drug clearance requires clinicians to extend the dosing intervals for many medications to prevent drug accumulation and toxicity while ensuring therapeutic efficacy.One key area where these adjustments...
370
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Metabolism01:24

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Metabolism

328
In pediatric care, understanding the nuances of hepatic drug metabolism is crucial, as it significantly differs from that of adults. This divergence is primarily due to the developmental stage of drug-metabolizing enzymes, which affects how medications are processed in the body. In neonates, for instance, the activity of Phase I enzymes—critical for the initial breakdown of drugs—is markedly reduced, functioning at just 20–40% of the levels seen in adults. This reduction poses...
328
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Distribution01:17

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Distribution

460
Drug distribution in the pediatric population exhibits unique challenges and considerations due to the physiological differences between children, particularly neonates and infants, and adults. A crucial aspect of pediatric pharmacology is understanding how these differences impact the pharmacokinetics of various drugs, necessitating age-specific dosing strategies to ensure efficacy and safety.Neonates and infants have a higher total body water content, ~75%–90% of their body weight,...
460
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Overview and Drug Absorption01:23

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Overview and Drug Absorption

697
Understanding the physiological differences in the pediatric population is crucial for effective pharmacotherapy. Neonates, infants, and children exhibit significant variations in gastric pH, gastric emptying time, intestinal transit time, and biliary function. These variations profoundly affect oral drug absorption, necessitating a nuanced approach to pediatric dosing.Neonates present with a unique physiological profile, having a gastric pH greater than 4 and faster and more irregular gastric...
697
Drug Dosing: Infants and Children01:29

Drug Dosing: Infants and Children

733
Pediatric patient dosages diverge from adults due to disparities in body surface area, total body water, and extracellular fluid per kilogram of body weight. The dosing regimen considers the variations in pharmacokinetics and pharmacology across distinct age groups, encompassing preterm newborns, infants, young children, older children, and adolescents. Calculation of pediatric patient doses is predicated on determining body surface area, which exhibits a superior correlation with the child's...
733
Nonlinear Pharmacokinetics: Dependence of Elimination Half-Life and Dose Clearance01:23

Nonlinear Pharmacokinetics: Dependence of Elimination Half-Life and Dose Clearance

865
The elimination half-life and drug clearance of drugs following nonlinear kinetics can vary with dosage. The Michaelis-Menten parameters and drug concentration influence these factors. As the dose increases, the elimination half-life tends to lengthen, resulting in a reduction in clearance and a disproportionately larger area under the curve. The total clearance can be derived from the Michaelis-Menten equation for drugs following a one-compartment model.
A study on guinea pigs examined the...
865

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Pediatricians Working Part-Time Has Plateaued.

William L Cull1, Mary Pat Frintner1, Karen G O'Connor1

  • 1Department of Research, American Academy of Pediatrics, Elk Grove Village, IL.

The Journal of Pediatrics
|January 23, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Part-time work for pediatricians has plateaued, with no significant changes observed in those seeking or working reduced hours. While women remain more likely to work part-time, a notable increase is seen in men over 60.

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric workforce trends
  • Physician employment patterns
  • Work-life balance in medicine

Background:

  • Part-time work is an increasingly important consideration for physician work-life balance.
  • Understanding trends in part-time pediatricians and residents is crucial for workforce planning.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze trends in pediatricians working part-time from 2006 to 2013.
  • To examine trends in residents seeking and obtaining part-time positions post-training.
  • To identify characteristics associated with part-time pediatric work.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) Periodic Survey of Fellows and Annual Survey of Graduating Residents data.
  • Compared part-time employment percentages between 2006-2009 and 2010-2013 survey periods.
  • Employed multivariable logistic regression to identify factors associated with part-time work.

Main Results:

  • Overall part-time pediatrician employment remained stable at 23% between the two periods.
  • No significant change in residents seeking part-time work (30% vs. 28%), with a slight decline in those accepting positions (16% to 13%).
  • Women consistently worked part-time more than men (35% vs. 9%), with distinct age-related patterns observed for both genders.

Conclusions:

  • The number of pediatricians working part-time and residents seeking such arrangements has stabilized.
  • Women continue to be more likely to work part-time, but a notable proportion of men over 60 also engage in part-time practice.