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Updated: Mar 26, 2026

Conducting Maximal and Submaximal Endurance Exercise Testing to Measure Physiological and Biological Responses to Acute Exercise in Humans
Published on: October 17, 2018
Exercise at the Extremes: The Amount of Exercise to Reduce Cardiovascular Events
Thijs M H Eijsvogels1, Silvana Molossi2, Duck-Chul Lee3
1Research Institute for Sports and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Physiology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
Abstract:
Habitual physical activity and regular exercise training improve cardiovascular health and longevity. A physically active lifestyle is, therefore, a key aspect of primary and secondary prevention strategies. An appropriate volume and intensity are essential to maximally benefit from exercise interventions. This document summarizes available evidence on the relationship between the exercise volume and risk reductions in cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Furthermore, the risks and benefits of moderate- versus high-intensity exercise interventions are compared. Findings are presented for the general population and cardiac patients eligible for cardiac rehabilitation. Finally, the controversy of excessive volumes of exercise in the athletic population is discussed.
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