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Optimisation of phase ratio in the triple jump using computer simulation.

Sam J Allen1, Mark A King1, M R Fred Yeadon1

  • 1School of Sport, Exercise, and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3TU, UK.

Human Movement Science
|January 23, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Optimal triple jump technique involves a hop-dominated phase ratio, balancing strength and approach velocity for maximum distance. This finding from computer simulations offers insights into elite athletic performance.

Keywords:
BiomechanicsComputer simulationOptimisationPhase ratioTechniqueTriple jump

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Area of Science:

  • Biomechanics
  • Sports Science
  • Athletic Performance

Background:

  • The optimal phase ratio in the triple jump, crucial for maximizing jump distance, remains undetermined.
  • Understanding phase proportions is key to improving athletic technique in this event.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the optimal phase ratio for the triple jump using a computer simulation model.
  • To identify technique parameters that maximize total jump distance.

Main Methods:

  • A whole-body torque-driven computer simulation model was developed for the triple jump.
  • A Genetic Algorithm was employed to optimize torque generator activation parameters.
  • Simulations were run with varying phase ratio penalties to assess performance impacts.

Main Results:

  • The optimized model favored a hop-dominated technique (35.7%:30.8%:33.6%), achieving a jump distance of 14.05m.
  • Performance showed a plateau for balanced and hop-dominated techniques, but decreased with jump-dominated techniques.
  • Hop-dominated techniques generated higher forces compared to jump-dominated ones.

Conclusions:

  • Optimal triple jump technique may involve a balanced or hop-dominated phase ratio.
  • Performance is influenced by a combination of athlete strength and approach velocity.
  • Jump-dominated techniques are associated with reduced performance in the triple jump.