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Personality and stressor-related affect.

Kate A Leger1, Susan T Charles1, Nicholas A Turiano2

  • 1Department of Psychology and Social Behavior, University of California, Irvine.

Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
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Personality traits significantly impact emotional responses to daily stressors. Higher extraversion, conscientiousness, and openness, along with lower neuroticism, are linked to less negative affect, while agreeableness affects positive affect. Stress appraisals partially explain these links.

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Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Health Psychology
  • Personality Psychology

Background:

  • Negative and positive affect changes on stressor days predict long-term mental and physical health.
  • Personality traits influence stressor-related affect, but research has mainly focused on neuroticism and extraversion.
  • The role of stressor appraisals in mediating personality-affect relationships is under-examined.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate associations between the Big Five personality traits and stressor-related affect.
  • To examine the mediating role of stressor-related appraisals in the personality-affect link.
  • To understand how personality influences emotional health through stressor responses.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized data from 2,022 participants (ages 30-84) from the National Study of Daily Experiences II.
  • Conducted two studies analyzing Big Five personality traits, daily stressor occurrences, and subsequent affect.
  • Employed statistical analyses to assess direct associations and mediation effects of appraisals.

Main Results:

  • Higher extraversion, conscientiousness, and openness, and lower neuroticism correlated with reduced negative affect on stressor days.
  • Higher agreeableness was linked to greater decreases in positive affect when stressors occurred.
  • Stressor-related appraisals partially mediated the relationship between personality traits and negative affect.

Conclusions:

  • Personality traits demonstrably influence emotional reactions to daily stressors.
  • Appraisals of stressors play a partial role in how personality affects negative emotional responses.
  • Findings highlight personality's indirect influence on health via stressor-affect pathways.