Resource Utilization and Toxicities After Carboplatin/Etoposide/Melphalan and Busulfan/Melphalan for Autologous Stem...

High-dose chemotherapy with autologous stem cell rescue (ASCR) is a key component of high-risk neuroblastoma therapy. Resources required to support patients treated with ASCR conditioning regimens [carboplatin/etoposide/melphalan (CEM) and busulfan/melphalan (BuMel)] have not been directly compared.

An administrative database was used to analyze resource utilization and outcomes in a cohort of high-risk neuroblastoma patients. Patients were followed for 60 days from start of conditioning or until death. Length of hospitalization, length of intensive care unit (ICU) level of care, incidence of sepsis and sinusoidal obstruction syndrome (SOS), and duration of use of specific supportive care resources were analyzed.

Six of 171 CEM patients and zero of 59 BuMel patients died during the study period (P = 0.34). Duration of hospitalization was longer following BuMel (median 35 vs. 31 days; P = 0.01); however, there was no difference in duration of ICU-level care. Antibiotic use was longer following CEM (median 19 vs. 15 days; P = 0.01), as was antihypertensive use (median 5 vs. 1.6 days; P = 0.0024). Duration of opiate and nonnarcotic analgesic use was longer following CEM early in the study period. Resources consistent with a diagnosis of SOS were used in a higher proportion of BuMel patients. A higher proportion of BuMel treated patients required mechanical ventilation (17% vs. 6%; P = 0.03).

We used administrative billing data to compare resources associated with ASCR conditioning regimens. CEM patients required more extended use of analgesics, antibiotics, and antihypertensives, while duration of hospitalization was longer, and SOS and the use of mechanical ventilation were more frequent following BuMel.