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Purposive Learning01:22

Purposive Learning

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E. C. Tolman emphasized the purposiveness of behavior — the idea that much of our behavior is goal-directed. For instance, employees who aim for a promotion work diligently to meet their targets. Tolman argued that when classical conditioning and operant conditioning occur, the organism acquires certain expectations. In classical conditioning, a child might fear a dog because they expect it to bite. In operant conditioning, a person might consistently work overtime because they expect a...
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Cognitive learning is based on purposive behavior, incidental learning, and insight learning.
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Learning Disabilities01:25

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Learning disabilities are cognitive disorders caused by neurological impairments that affect cognitive functions like language and reading, without indicating overall intellectual or developmental challenges. These disabilities differ from global intellectual or developmental disabilities as they are limited to distinct cognitive functions. Common learning disabilities include dysgraphia, dyslexia, and dyscalculia, each of which impacts unique aspects of learning.
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Introduction to Learning01:18

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Learning is the process of acquiring knowledge or skills through practice or experience, leading to long-lasting behavioral changes. This acquisition occurs through interaction with the environment and requires practice or experience. For instance, mastering a skill such as surfing requires considerable practice and experience, highlighting the essential role of repeated interactions with the environment in learning.
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Light enters the eye through the cornea, a transparent, dome-shaped surface covering the surface of the eyeball that helps to direct and focus incoming light. This light is then channeled toward the pupil, an adjustable opening whose size is controlled by the iris. The iris, a pigmented muscle, regulates the amount of light entering the eye by contracting or dilating the pupil, thereby ensuring optimal light levels for clear vision.
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InSPAL: A Novel Immersive Virtual Learning Programme.

Julia Byrne1, Horace H S Ip1, Kate Shuk-Ying Lau1

  • 1AIMtech Centre and Department of Computer Science, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.

Studies in Health Technology and Informatics
|January 23, 2016
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The Interactive Sensory Program for Affective Learning (InSPAL) uses virtual reality and art therapy to help severely intellectually disabled students improve focus and independence. This innovative program enhances communication and quality of life for students with cognitive and sensory-motor challenges.

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Area of Science:

  • Special Education
  • Virtual Reality in Education
  • Art Therapy

Background:

  • Severely intellectually disabled (SID) students face significant learning difficulties due to cognitive and sensory-motor impairments.
  • Traditional learning methods often fall short in addressing the unique needs of SID students.
  • There is a need for innovative, engaging interventions to support SID students' development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce The Interactive Sensory Program for Affective Learning (InSPAL), a novel virtual learning program for SID students.
  • To assess InSPAL's effectiveness in strengthening pre-learning abilities, self-awareness, and communication.
  • To evaluate InSPAL's impact on reducing behavioral interferences and enhancing overall quality of life.

Main Methods:

  • Integration of interactive media and virtual reality (VR) technology.
  • Application of art therapy principles and specialized pedagogical techniques.
  • Implementation of InSPAL with a cohort of severely intellectually disabled students.

Main Results:

  • Students demonstrated increased focus and a 15% improvement in independent task completion.
  • 50% of students showed enhanced communication skills, evidenced by improved hand-raising responses.
  • Therapeutic interventions within InSPAL led to better self-control (body, mind, emotions), greater performance, and increased participation.

Conclusions:

  • InSPAL is an effective virtual learning program for severely intellectually disabled students.
  • The program successfully enhances cognitive, behavioral, and communication skills.
  • InSPAL offers a promising approach to improving the quality of life for SID students.