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Related Concept Videos

Transcytosis of IgG01:15

Transcytosis of IgG

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Transcytosis is the process in which molecules are internalized by endocytosis, transported across the cell, and released through exocytosis from the opposite end of the cell. Molecules such as insulin, immunoglobulins, and certain nutrients are transferred through the recycling endosomes by recycling and transcytosis.
IgG molecules from a mother undergo transcytosis starting around 13 weeks of gestation. The amount of IgG transferred and entering the fetal blood circulation increases with...
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Hypersensitivity Reactions: Immune-Complex Reactions01:19

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Type III hypersensitivity reactions occur when antigen–antibody complexes form and activate the complement system. Normally, these complexes help the clearance of antigens by phagocytes and red blood cells. However, when large numbers of immune complexes are present, they can deposit in tissues—particularly in the walls of blood vessels—leading to inflammation and tissue injury. These deposits trigger complement activation and neutrophil recruitment, resulting in serum...
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Hypersensitivities01:30

Hypersensitivities

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Hypersensitivity, also known as a hypersensitivity reaction or allergic reaction, is a condition where the body's immune system reacts abnormally to a foreign substance. Such substances, that cause hypersensitivity are referred to as an allergen, could be something typically harmless to most people, like pollen or certain foods.
Types of Hypersensitivities
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Development of Immunocompetence01:22

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The initiation of cell-mediated immunity can be observed as early as the third month of fetal growth, with active antibody-mediated immunity following approximately one month later.
The initial cells that migrate from the fetal thymus settle within the skin and epithelial tissues lining the mouth, digestive tract, and in females, the uterus and vagina. These cells, including skin-based dendritic cells, serve as antigen-presenting cells, playing a key role in T cell activation.
Subsequent T...
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Hypersensitivity Reactions: Delayed Hypersensitivity Reactions01:29

Hypersensitivity Reactions: Delayed Hypersensitivity Reactions

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Delayed-Type Hypersensitivity (DTH), or Type IV hypersensitivity, is a cell-mediated immune response. It occurs when T cells, rather than antibodies, mediate a reaction to specific antigens. It is characterized by a delayed onset (1-2 days) and involves the recruitment of macrophages to the inflammation site.The initiation of a DTH response begins with the sensitization of T cells. During this phase, which lasts at least 1-2 weeks, antigen-specific T cells are activated, clonally expanded, and...
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Humoral Immune Responses01:36

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 26, 2026

Recognition of Epidermal Transglutaminase by IgA and Tissue Transglutaminase 2 Antibodies in a Rare Case of Rhesus Dermatitis
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Hyper-IgE Syndrome in an Infant.

Mariah Giberson1, Laura Finlayson2

  • 1Dalhousie Medicine New Brunswick, Saint John, NB, Canada mariah.giberson@dal.ca.

Journal of Cutaneous Medicine and Surgery
|January 24, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Hyper-IgE syndrome (HIES) can manifest as a neonatal papulopustular rash. Early recognition of this cutaneous sign is crucial for diagnosing this rare immunodeficiency.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Dermatology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Hyper-immunoglobulin E syndrome (HIES) is a rare primary immunodeficiency.
  • It affects multiple organ systems.
  • Papulopustular rash is an early, yet diagnostically challenging, manifestation.

Observation:

  • A male newborn presented with papulopustular dermatitis on the scalp.
  • This case highlights HIES in the neonatal period.
  • The review covers HIES pathophysiology, clinical features, and management.

Findings:

  • Cutaneous manifestations of HIES typically appear shortly after birth.
  • Neonatal pustules may prompt dermatological consultation.
  • HIES diagnosis requires a comprehensive approach considering multisystem involvement.
Keywords:
immunologypediatric

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Implications:

  • Early identification of HIES in newborns is critical for timely intervention.
  • Dermatologists play a key role in recognizing HIES signs in neonates.
  • Understanding HIES presentation aids in managing this complex disorder.