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Related Concept Videos

Glucose Homeostasis: Pancreatic Islets and Insulin Secretion01:27

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The pancreatic islets comprising only 1%-2% of the volume are highly vascularized and innervated mini-organs. They contain five endocrine cell types, including β cells that secrete insulin, which is synthesized as a single polypeptide chain, preproinsulin, processed to proinsulin, and finally to insulin and C-peptide. This process is complex and regulated, involving the Golgi complex, the endoplasmic reticulum, and the secretory granules of the β cell.
Insulin and C-peptide are...
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Quantitative and Temporal Control of Oxygen Microenvironment at the Single Islet Level
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Isolated human islets require hyperoxia to maintain islet mass, metabolism, and function.

Hirotake Komatsu1, Dongyang Kang2, Leonard Medrano1

  • 1Division of Developmental and Translational Diabetes and Endocrinology Research, Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Researches, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, 1500 E. Duarte Rd., Duarte, CA 91010, USA.

Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications
|January 24, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Maintaining pancreatic islets in a hyperoxic environment improves their survival and function. This finding could enhance islet transplantation for Type 1 diabetes by optimizing oxygen levels before and after the procedure.

Keywords:
HyperoxiaHypoxiaInsulin secretionIslet viabilityIslet volumeOxygen consumption rate

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Transplantation Biology
  • Metabolic Research

Background:

  • Pancreatic islet transplantation is a key treatment for Type 1 diabetes, but graft failure remains a challenge.
  • Hypoxia, or low oxygen, post-transplant significantly impairs islet survival and function.
  • Optimal oxygen conditions for islet maintenance are needed to improve transplant success.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the ideal partial oxygen pressure (pO2) for maintaining human islets in vitro.
  • To establish empirical guidelines for pre- and post-transplant islet culture conditions.
  • To investigate the impact of varying oxygen tensions on islet volume, viability, metabolism, and function.

Main Methods:

  • Human islets were cultured for 7 days under controlled oxygen conditions: hypoxia (90 mmHg), normoxia (160 mmHg), and hyperoxia (270 or 350 mmHg).
  • Assessed islet volume, viability, oxygen consumption, and glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) responses.
  • Compared outcomes across different pO2 levels to identify optimal conditions.

Main Results:

  • Hyperoxia (270 or 350 mmHg) significantly reduced islet volume loss compared to normoxia and hypoxia.
  • Islet viability and metabolic activity, indicated by oxygen consumption, were higher under hyperoxic conditions.
  • Glucose-stimulated insulin secretion responses were better preserved in islets cultured under hyperoxia.

Conclusions:

  • Maintaining pancreatic islets in a hyperoxic environment improves their quality and function.
  • Hyperoxia alleviates post-transplant islet volume loss and enhances viability.
  • Optimizing oxygen tension to hyperoxic levels may improve outcomes for pancreatic islet transplantation in Type 1 diabetes.