Biogenic selenium nanoparticles: current status and future prospects

Area of Science:

• Nanotechnology
• Biomedical Engineering
• Materials Science

Background:

• Selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) are increasingly recognized for their therapeutic potential.
• SeNPs exhibit superior biocompatibility and lower toxicity compared to selenite and selenate.
• Their distinct bright orange-red color and stability are key characteristics.

Purpose of the Study:

• To explore the synthesis, properties, and applications of selenium nanoparticles.
• To elucidate the microbial mechanisms underlying SeNP formation.
• To highlight the therapeutic and industrial relevance of SeNPs.

Main Methods:

• Synthesis of SeNPs via physical, chemical, and biological routes.
• Investigation of microbial synthesis mechanisms involving selenate/selenite reductases, phenazine-1-carboxylic acid, glutathione, SefA, and RarA.
• Characterization of SeNP stability and properties.

Main Results:

• Biogenic SeNPs demonstrate enhanced stability due to biomolecular coatings.
• Microbial synthesis involves a two-step reduction process of selenium compounds.
• SeNPs possess potent chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic activities.
• Conjugation with antibiotics can improve anticancer efficacy.

Conclusions:

• SeNPs are versatile nanomaterials with significant medical applications, including antibacterial and anticancer therapies.
• Biogenic synthesis offers a stable and effective route for SeNP production.
• SeNPs show potential in nanobiosensors and environmental remediation.