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Stability of early risk assessment for autism spectrum disorder in preterm infants

Maya Yaari1, Neta Yitzhak1, Ayelet Harel1

  • 1Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel.

Autism : the International Journal of Research and Practice
|January 24, 2016
PubMed

Insights

Early autism spectrum disorder risk in preterm infants shows variability. Many infants identified at risk early on do not maintain this status, highlighting the need for ongoing assessment.

Area of Science:

  • Developmental Pediatrics
  • Neonatology
  • Neurodevelopmental Disorders

Background:

  • Preterm infants exhibit unique developmental trajectories.
  • Early identification of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) risk is crucial for timely intervention.
  • Understanding the stability of early ASD risk markers in preterm infants is essential.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine the stability and change in autism spectrum disorder risk among preterm infants.
  • To assess the predictive validity of early screening tools for later ASD diagnosis.
  • To identify social-communication deficits in the preterm behavioral phenotype.

Main Methods:

  • Longitudinal cohort study of 99 preterm infants (gestational age ≤34 weeks).
  • Utilized the Autism Observation Scale for Infants (AOSI) at 8 and 12 months.
  • Employed the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule-Toddler Module (ADOS-T) at 18 months.

Main Results:

  • 21 infants showed risk on AOSI at 8 months; 9 at 12 months (4 new cases).
  • 8 infants were at risk for ASD on ADOS-T at 18 months.
  • Only half of the 18-month ASD-risk group were identified by initial AOSI cutoffs.

Conclusions:

  • Early autism spectrum disorder risk in preterm infants is dynamic, not always stable.
  • Current early screening tools may not fully capture later autism spectrum disorder risk.
  • Social-communication deficiencies are linked to the early preterm behavioral phenotype.

Keywords:
autism spectrum disordersdevelopmentearly diagnosispretermscreening

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