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Related Concept Videos

Protein Kinases and Phosphatases02:54

Protein Kinases and Phosphatases

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Proteins undergo chemical modifications that trigger changes in the charge, structure, and conformation of the proteins. Phosphorylation, acetylation, glycosylation, nitrosylation, ubiquitination, lipidation, methylation, and proteolysis are various protein modifications that regulate protein activity. Such modifications are usually enzyme-driven.
Protein kinases
Many proteins in the cell are regulated by phosphorylation, the addition of a phosphate group. A family of enzymes called kinases...
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The mammalian target of rapamycin or mTOR protein was discovered in 1994 due to its direct interaction with rapamycin. The protein gets its name from a yeast homolog called TOR. The mTOR protein complex in mammalian cells plays a major role in balancing anabolic processes such as the synthesis of proteins, lipids, and nucleotides and catabolic processes, such as autophagy in response to environmental cues, such as availability of nutrients and growth factors.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 26, 2026

Phosphopeptide Enrichment Coupled with Label-free Quantitative Mass Spectrometry to Investigate the Phosphoproteome in Prostate Cancer
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Phosphoproteomics in translational research: a sarcoma perspective.

J Noujaim1, L S Payne2, I Judson3

  • 1Sarcoma Unit, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.

Annals of Oncology : Official Journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology
|January 24, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Phosphoproteomics reveals cancer cell signaling. This review explores its translational potential for identifying biomarkers and improving cancer drug selection, particularly for rare cancers like sarcoma.

Keywords:
clinical trialsdrug resistancephosphoproteomicssarcomasignal transduction

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Biochemistry
  • Translational Research

Background:

  • Phosphoproteomics is a preclinical tool for cancer research, identifying drug targets and biomarkers.
  • Clinical application is hindered by specimen integrity and tumor heterogeneity issues.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review phosphoproteomic technologies and their translational potential in cancer research.
  • To highlight challenges and opportunities for phosphoproteomics in clinical trials, using sarcoma as a case study.

Main Methods:

  • Overview of current phosphoproteomic technologies (affinity-based assays, mass spectrometry).
  • Discussion of advantages and limitations of each method.
  • Case study analysis of phosphoproteomics in sarcoma clinical trials.

Main Results:

  • Phosphoproteomics can identify predictive biomarkers for patient stratification.
  • It can inform drug selection in umbrella trials and suggest new drug combinations.
  • Preclinical sarcoma studies offer lessons for overcoming clinical translation challenges.

Conclusions:

  • Phosphoproteomics holds significant potential for advancing translational cancer research.
  • Key measures are needed to translate this preclinical technology into a clinical tool.
  • Addressing challenges in specimen handling and data interpretation is crucial for clinical utility.