Imaging techniques for evaluation of uterine myomas

Area of Science:

• Gynecological pathology
• Medical imaging
• Oncology

Background:

• Uterine myomas are prevalent gynecological conditions associated with significant morbidity.
• Numerous imaging techniques have been employed for their evaluation.
• Ultrasound and MRI are considered optimal for characterizing uterine fibroids.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review current imaging modalities for uterine myomas.
• To highlight the strengths of ultrasound and MRI in fibroid assessment.
• To identify gaps in current imaging methodologies and terminology.

Main Methods:

• Review of existing literature on uterine myoma imaging.
• Analysis of ultrasound (including saline infusion sonohysterography) and MRI techniques.
• Discussion of diagnostic criteria for uterine fibroids and differential diagnoses.

Main Results:

• Ultrasound and MRI provide comprehensive assessment of fibroid number, volume, echostructure, location, vascularization, and relationship with the endometrium.
• These modalities aid in differentiating uterine myomas from other myometrial pathologies like adenomyosis.
• Current methods show limitations in standardized terminology and differentiating typical myomas from STUMP and leiomyosarcomas.

Conclusions:

• Ultrasound and MRI are essential tools for uterine myoma evaluation.
• Standardized sonographic terminology and scanning methodologies are required for improved consistency.
• Further research is needed to establish imaging parameters for differentiating benign myomas from potentially malignant lesions such as STUMP and leiomyosarcomas.