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Towards developing a general framework for modelling vertical migration in zooplankton.

Andrew Yu Morozov1, Oleg A Kuzenkov2

  • 1Department of Mathematics, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK.

Journal of Theoretical Biology
|January 26, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Diel vertical migration (DVM) is the largest biomass movement on Earth. This study reveals optimal DVM strategies emerge from genotype frequency dynamics, not subjective criteria, offering a unified evolutionary approach to zooplankton behavior.

Keywords:
Infinite-dimensional traitsPontryagin׳s maximum principlePopulation fitnessPredator–prey modelSelection

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Area of Science:

  • Ecology
  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Mathematical Biology

Background:

  • Diel vertical migration (DVM) is a massive daily movement of zooplankton in aquatic ecosystems.
  • Existing models often rely on subjective optimization criteria, limiting predictive power.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To derive optimal DVM strategies from evolutionary principles.
  • To explore how population dynamics and mutagenesis influence DVM evolution.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a framework based on genotype/trait frequency dynamics to predict DVM.
  • Analyzed four distinct DVM models with varying population dynamics.
  • Utilized a low-dimensional generalized parameter space to track genotype evolution.

Main Results:

  • Optimal DVM strategies are unambiguously determined by selection dynamics.
  • DVM patterns show significant differences in parameter dependence across models.
  • Mutagenesis influences strategy diversity: strong mutagenesis promotes coexistence, while weak mutagenesis leads to convergence on optimal strategies.

Conclusions:

  • An evolutionary approach provides a robust method for understanding DVM.
  • The framework unifies DVM modeling across different ecological assumptions.
  • Mutagenesis plays a critical role in shaping the diversity of DVM strategies.