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In eukaryotic DNA replication, a single-stranded DNA fragment remains at the end of a chromosome after the removal of the final primer. This section of DNA cannot be replicated in the same manner as the rest of the strand because there is no 3’ end to which the newly synthesized DNA can attach. This non-replicated fragment results in gradual loss of the chromosomal DNA during each cell duplication. Additionally, it can induce a DNA damage response by enzymes that recognize single-stranded...
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Replicative cell senescence is a property of cells that allows them to divide a finite number of times throughout the organism's lifespan while preventing excessive proliferation. Replicative senescence is associated with the gradual loss of the telomere — short, repetitive DNA sequences found at the end of the chromosomes. Telomeres are bound by a group of proteins to form a protective cap on the ends of chromosomes. Embryonic stem cells express telomerase — an enzyme that adds...
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The Notch signaling pathway is a major intracellular signaling pathway that is highly conserved over a broad spectrum of metazoan species. It stands unique from other intracellular signaling mechanisms in animals because notch protein itself acts as the receptor as well as the primary signaling molecule.
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The hematopoietic stem cells or HSCs are multipotent, meaning they can differentiate and give rise to all blood and immune cells. HSCs are maintained in the quiescent stage until an external stimulus initiates their differentiation. The multipotent HSCs exist as two heterogeneous populations, long-term repopulating cells (LTRC) and short-term repopulating cells (STRC). The two HSC populations have different surface markers or receptors and are classified based on quiescence and long-term...
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Utilizing Murine Inducible Telomerase Alleles in the Studies of Tissue Degeneration/Regeneration and Cancer
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Telocyte implications in human pathology: An overview.

Lidia Ibba-Manneschi1, Irene Rosa1, Mirko Manetti1

  • 1Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Anatomy and Histology, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy.

Seminars in Cell & Developmental Biology
|January 26, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Telocytes, or connecting cells, are crucial for tissue repair and homeostasis. Targeting these cells shows promise for treating heart disease, inflammation, and fibrosis, potentially preventing organ damage.

Keywords:
Chronic inflammationOrgan fibrosisPathologyStromal cellsTelocytes

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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Regenerative Medicine
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Telocytes are a recently identified interstitial cell population in vertebrates.
  • They function as 'connecting cells' involved in intercellular signaling, organ development, and tissue homeostasis.
  • Telocytes may play a role in tissue repair and regeneration, and their dysfunction is linked to various disorders.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent findings on the role of telocytes in human pathologies.
  • To explore the implication of telocytes in heart disease, chronic inflammation, and multiorgan fibrosis.
  • To assess the therapeutic potential of targeting telocytes for organ regeneration and preventing organ damage.

Main Methods:

  • This is a review article, synthesizing existing research.
  • It analyzes experimental data and clinical observations.
  • Focuses on the involvement of telocytes in diverse pathological conditions.

Main Results:

  • Telocytes are implicated in the pathogenesis of heart disease, chronic inflammation, and multiorgan fibrosis.
  • Evidence suggests telocytes cooperate with stem cells in tissue repair.
  • Telocyte damage and dysfunction are observed in several human disorders.

Conclusions:

  • Targeting telocytes, alone or with stem cells, offers a promising therapeutic strategy.
  • This approach may promote organ regeneration and prevent end-stage organ damage.
  • Further research into telocyte-targeted therapies is warranted for various pathologies.