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Ag nanoparticles generated using bio-reduction and -coating cause microbial killing without cell lysis.

Aniket Gade1, Joshua Adams2, David W Britt2

  • 1Department of Biology, Utah State University, Logan, UT, 84322-5305, USA.

Biometals : an International Journal on the Role of Metal Ions in Biology, Biochemistry, and Medicine
|January 26, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) using fungal metabolites shows potent antimicrobial activity against Pseudomonas chlororaphis O6. These biocoated Ag NPs are more effective than silver ions, with a mechanism involving reactive oxygen species.

Keywords:
AgAntimicrobialBiocoatingGreen synthesisOxidative stress

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Microbiology
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Cost-effective "green" synthesis methods for silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) are crucial for their application as antimicrobials.
  • Extracellular metabolites from soil-borne fungi offer a sustainable route for Ag NP production.
  • Understanding the antimicrobial mechanisms of biocoated Ag NPs is essential for their development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a cost-effective "green" method for producing Ag NPs using fungal metabolites.
  • To evaluate the antimicrobial efficacy of biocoated Ag NPs against a soil bacterium.
  • To elucidate the mechanism of Ag NP-induced bacterial cell death.

Main Methods:

  • Biosynthesis of Ag NPs using extracellular metabolites from a soil-borne Pythium species.
  • Characterization of Ag NP size, morphology, and surface properties.
  • Assessment of antimicrobial activity against Pseudomonas chlororaphis O6 through dose-dependent killing assays.
  • Investigation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) involvement using fluorescent dyes and oxidative stress-defective mutants.
  • Microscopic imaging of bacterial cells treated with Ag NPs.

Main Results:

  • Biocoated Ag NPs were successfully synthesized with one dimension <50 nm.
  • Ag NPs exhibited dose-dependent lethal effects on P. chlororaphis O6, being ~30-fold more effective than Ag+ ions.
  • Reactive oxygen species, including superoxide anion and peroxide, were implicated in bacterial cell death.
  • Mutants deficient in oxidative stress protection showed increased sensitivity to Ag NPs, indicating a nano-effect.
  • Microscopy revealed no cell lysis but alterations in bacterial surface properties and cell height upon Ag NP treatment.

Conclusions:

  • Fungal metabolite-mediated synthesis provides a "green" and cost-effective route to potent antimicrobial Ag NPs.
  • Biocoating limits Ag release but retains significant antimicrobial efficacy, mediated by ROS.
  • Ag NPs demonstrate a "nano-effect" in their antimicrobial action compared to Ag+ ions.
  • The findings support the potential of biocoated Ag NPs as novel antimicrobial agents.