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Craniofacial structure in patients with obstructive sleep apnoea.

M Dobrowolska-Zarzycka, I Dunin-Wilczyńska, J Szymańska1

  • 1Medical University of Lublin. szymanska.polska@gmail.com.

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|January 26, 2016
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Summary

Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is linked to mandibular retrognathia, indicated by a reduced SNB angle. Narrowed upper airway dimensions are also common in OSA patients, suggesting they are prognostic factors.

Keywords:
Background: Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is characterised by at least five 10-s episodes of apnoea or markedly shallow breathing per 1 h of sleepsometimes life-threatening complications. It is essential to determine the specwhich can lead to severe

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Area of Science:

  • Dentistry
  • Sleep Medicine
  • Orthodontics

Background:

  • Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) involves breathing pauses during sleep, potentially causing severe health issues.
  • Identifying craniofacial structure in OSA patients is crucial for risk stratification.
  • Previous studies have compared OSA patients' craniofacial features to normative values.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the craniofacial structure of OSA patients.
  • To compare these findings with established cephalometric norms (Hasund, Segner).
  • To assess upper airway sagittal dimensions against McNamara's normal values.

Main Methods:

  • Polysomnographically diagnosed OSA patients (n=41) were included.
  • Lateral cephalograms were used for cephalometric analysis.
  • Sagittal dimensions of the upper and lower airways were measured.

Main Results:

  • The SNB angle was significantly reduced in OSA patients compared to normal values (p = 0.004).
  • Other cephalometric angles (SNA, ANB, NL/NSL, NL/ML, NSL/ML) showed no significant differences.
  • The majority of OSA patients exhibited reduced upper airway cross-sectional area and lower sagittal dimensions.

Conclusions:

  • Mandibular retrognathia (reduced SNB angle) is a significant craniofacial characteristic in OSA.
  • Narrowed upper and lower sagittal airway dimensions are prevalent in OSA patients.
  • These craniofacial and airway features may serve as prognostic factors for OSA.