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Muscles that Move the Arm

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Nine muscles are involved in arm movements. Two of these, the pectoralis major and latissimus dorsi, originate from the axial skeleton and are called axial muscles. The other seven originate from the scapula and are called the scapular muscles.
The pectoralis major has two origins. Its clavicular head originates on the medial half of the clavicle. In contrast, the sternocostal head originates on the costal cartilages of ribs 1-6, the sternum, and the aponeurosis of the external oblique of the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 26, 2026

Treatment Protocol for Rotator Cuff Calcific Tendinitis Using a Single-Crystal Piezoelectric Focused Shock Wave Source

Treatment Protocol for Rotator Cuff Calcific Tendinitis Using a Single-Crystal Piezoelectric Focused Shock Wave Source

Published on: December 23, 2022

Calcific tendinitis of the rotator cuff.

Mohamed Taha ElShewy¹

¹Mohamed Taha ElShewy, Orthopedic Department, Cairo University, Cairo 11412, Egypt.

World Journal of Orthopedics

|January 26, 2016

Summary

Calcific tendinitis, a common shoulder issue, involves calcium deposits in rotator cuff tendons. It progresses through asymptomatic formative and painful resorptive phases, often resolving naturally or with minimally invasive treatments.

Keywords:

Calcific tendenitis Classification Clinical picture Imaging Natural history Pathogenesis Prevalence Rotator cuff Treatment

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Area of Science:

Orthopedics
Musculoskeletal Disorders
Radiology

Background:

Calcific tendinitis is a prevalent shoulder disorder distinct from dystrophic calcification.
It typically affects sedentary individuals in their fifth and sixth decades.
The condition presents in two phases: formative and resorptive.

Purpose of the Study:

To differentiate calcific tendinitis from dystrophic calcification.
To describe the pathogenesis and natural history of calcific tendinitis.
To outline diagnostic and treatment modalities for rotator cuff calcific tendinitis.

Main Methods:

Review of pathogenesis, clinical presentation, and natural history.
Discussion of radiological diagnostic tools (X-ray, MRI).
Overview of conservative, minimally invasive, and surgical treatment options.

Main Results:

The formative phase involves asymptomatic calcium deposition (1-6 years).
The resorptive phase causes severe pain due to inflammation and increased intra-tendinous pressure (3 weeks - 6 months).
Radiological imaging aids diagnosis and progression monitoring.

Conclusions:

Calcific tendinitis has a distinct pathogenesis and natural history, often resolving spontaneously.
Diagnosis is confirmed radiologically, with imaging guiding phase assessment.
Treatment is individualized, with conservative and minimally invasive approaches frequently successful; arthroscopic removal is an option for severe pain.