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TGF-β signalling and liver disease.

Isabel Fabregat1,2, Joaquim Moreno-Càceres1, Aránzazu Sánchez3

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The FEBS Journal
|January 26, 2016
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Summary

Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) pathways regulate cell processes vital for liver health. Dysregulation of TGF-β signalling drives liver injury, fibrosis, cirrhosis, and cancer, making it a therapeutic target.

Keywords:
TGF-betachronic liver injurydevelopmentfibrosishepatocarcinogenesishepatocellular carcinomainflammationliverregenerationsignalling

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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Hepatology

Background:

  • Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) signalling pathways are crucial for cellular functions like proliferation, differentiation, and cell death, maintaining tissue homeostasis.
  • Deregulation of TGF-β pathways is implicated in various human diseases.
  • In the liver, TGF-β signalling is involved in all disease stages, from injury and inflammation to fibrosis, cirrhosis, and cancer.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current understanding of TGF-β signalling pathways in liver physiology and pathology.
  • To highlight the dual role of TGF-β in liver disease progression, acting as a suppressor early on and a promoter later.
  • To discuss the therapeutic potential of targeting TGF-β signalling for liver disease treatment.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on TGF-β signalling in liver disease.
  • Analysis of the role of TGF-β in hepatocyte function and liver cell death.
  • Examination of TGF-β's involvement in hepatic stellate cell activation and fibrosis.
  • Investigation of TGF-β's function in liver tumorigenesis.

Main Results:

  • TGF-β promotes liver differentiation and regeneration under normal conditions.
  • Chronic liver damage leads to elevated TGF-β, causing stellate cell activation, hepatocyte death, fibrosis, and cirrhosis.
  • TGF-β can suppress early liver tumour development but promotes progression in later stages.
  • Targeting TGF-β pathways is a promising strategy for managing liver diseases.

Conclusions:

  • TGF-β signalling plays a complex and context-dependent role in liver disease.
  • Understanding TGF-β's multifaceted functions is key to developing effective liver disease therapies.
  • Modulating TGF-β pathways offers a potential therapeutic avenue for liver fibrosis, cirrhosis, and cancer.