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Related Concept Videos

Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

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Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
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Cytotoxic T cells are a vital component of the immune system. They have the remarkable ability to identify and target antigens on infected or abnormal cells. These antigens often originate from intracellular pathogens such as viruses or abnormal proteins cancer cells produce.
Immunological surveillance is the ability of immune cells to monitor and eliminate infected cells with intracellular pathogens, neoplastically transformed cells, and cells with non-self antigens. Cytotoxic T cells and NK...
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Immune checkpoint blockade in lymphoid malignancies.

Gita Thanarajasingam1, Uma Thanarajasingam2, Stephen M Ansell1

  • 1Division of Hematology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.

The FEBS Journal
|January 26, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Immune checkpoint inhibitors offer new hope for hematologic cancers by blocking immune evasion. This review explores their complex biology, efficacy in lymphoid tumors, and areas needing further research.

Keywords:
CTLA4Hodgkin lymphomaPD-1biologyimmune checkpointimmunotherapymyelomanon-Hodgkin lymphomatherapy

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Oncology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Malignant cells evade immune surveillance via immune checkpoints.
  • Immune checkpoint inhibitors are effective in some solid tumors and hematologic malignancies.
  • Checkpoint inhibition in hematologic cancers is complex due to the intertwined tumor and immune systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the biology of immune checkpoint inhibition.
  • To summarize current efficacy data in lymphoid tumors.
  • To explore uncertainties regarding mechanisms, timing, and response rates.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of immune checkpoint biology.
  • Analysis of clinical data on checkpoint inhibitors in lymphoid tumors.
  • Discussion of current challenges and future directions.

Main Results:

  • Immune checkpoint blockade demonstrates significant efficacy in certain lymphoid tumors.
  • The precise mechanisms of action and optimal therapeutic timing remain under investigation.
  • Variations in response rates exist across different lymphoid tumor subtypes.

Conclusions:

  • Immune checkpoint inhibitors represent a promising therapeutic strategy for lymphoid malignancies.
  • Further research is crucial to elucidate mechanisms, optimize treatment protocols, and improve patient outcomes.