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Master transcription regulators are regulatory proteins that are predominantly responsible for regulating the expression of multiple genes. Often these genes work in concert to drive a  complex process. Activation of a master transcription regulator can lead to a cascade of transcriptional activation necessary for that outcome. These regulators can directly bind to the regulatory sequences of the various genes involved, or they can indirectly regulate transcription by binding to regulatory...
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Sporulation is a complex developmental process that allows certain Gram-positive bacteria, such as Bacillus subtilis and Clostridium species, to survive extreme environmental conditions. This process is tightly regulated by a series of signaling cascades and transcriptional controls, ensuring the formation of a highly resistant endospore.Sporulation is triggered by unfavorable conditions, such as nutrient depletion, and is governed by a phosphorelay system. One of the sensor kinases, such as...
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Kinematic Analysis of Cell Division and Expansion: Quantifying the Cellular Basis of Growth and Sampling Developmental Zones in Zea mays Leaves
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Class III HD-Zip activity coordinates leaf development in Physcomitrella patens.

Hoichong Karen Yip1, Sandra K Floyd2, Keiko Sakakibara3

  • 1Section of Plant Biology, UC Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis 95616, CA, USA.

Developmental Biology
|January 26, 2016
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Summary

Class III HD-Zip (C3HDZ) genes regulate meristem function in land plants. In Physcomitrella patens, C3HDZ genes are not essential for persistent gametophyte shoot apical meristems, suggesting distinct genetic programs regulate meristems across generations and plant lineages.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Plant developmental biology
  • Evolutionary developmental biology
  • Molecular genetics

Background:

  • Land plant development relies on meristems, crucial for indeterminate growth.
  • Meristematic gene regulatory networks may have been co-opted between gametophytic and sporophytic generations during evolution.
  • Class III HD-Zip (C3HDZ) genes are vital for shoot apical meristem function in flowering plants.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of C3HDZ genes in meristem function across generations in the moss Physcomitrella patens.
  • To determine if genetic machinery for meristematic functions was conserved between gametophyte and sporophyte generations.
  • To explore the evolution of meristem regulation in land plants.

Main Methods:

  • Analyzing C3HDZ gene expression patterns in gametophytic and sporophytic meristems of Physcomitrella patens.
  • Engineering loss-of-function of C3HDZ genes via ectopic expression of miR166.
  • Assessing the impact of C3HDZ gene function loss on meristem activity in both generations.

Main Results:

  • C3HDZ genes are expressed in transitory meristems of both gametophyte and sporophyte generations in Physcomitrella patens.
  • C3HDZ genes are not expressed in the persistent shoot apical meristem of the gametophyte.
  • Loss of C3HDZ function impaired gametophytic transitory meristem activity but not the persistent shoot apical meristem.

Conclusions:

  • The findings argue against wholesale co-option of meristematic gene regulatory networks between gametophyte and sporophyte generations.
  • Persistent meristems in Physcomitrella patens (single apical cell) and flowering plants (complex) appear to be regulated by distinct genetic programs.
  • This suggests a divergence in meristem regulation mechanisms during land plant evolution.