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Updated: Mar 26, 2026
Single-stage Dynamic Reanimation of the Smile in Irreversible Facial Paralysis by Free Functional Muscle Transfer
Published on: March 1, 2015
Lower facial reanimation techniques following cancer resection and free flap reconstruction
Alexandra E Kejner1, Eben L Rosenthal1
1Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, and the Department of Medicine, Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, U.S.A.
Objectives/Hypothesis:
Evaluate outcomes of the standard static sling and orthodromic temporalis tendon transfer reanimation for facial nerve paralysis.
Study Design:
Retrospective case series at a tertiary care hospital of head and neck cancer patients with facial nerve palsy secondary to malignancy or resection.
Methods:
From 2004 to 2014, patients undergoing resection of malignancy that involved facial nerve palsy requiring facial reanimation were identified. All procedures were performed by the senior author (e.l.r.). Demographics, methods, revision rates, combination with other procedures, and complications were evaluated.
Results:
A total of 77 patients underwent 92 procedures, with two patients requiring more than one revision, for a total of 20 revisions. Average time to revision was 9 months. Age, sex, race, side of repair, paralysis prior to procedure, sling type or method, timing of procedure, and radiation therapy were not significantly different between those requiring revision and those who did not. There was no difference in complications between patients who received radiation and those who did not (P = .5), nor between static versus orthodromic temporalis muscle transfer (P = .5). Complication rate was low at 5.4%.
Conclusions:
Sling procedures can be successfully performed in patients with facial nerve palsy secondary to cancer resection with radiation therapy, with a low revision rate and few complications.
Level Of Evidence:
4 Laryngoscope, 126:1990-1994, 2016.
