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Pro-Inflammatory Markers in Relation to Cardiovascular Disease in HIV Infection. A Systematic Review

Alinda G Vos1,2, Nikmah S Idris1, Roos E Barth2

  • 1Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.

Plos One
|January 26, 2016
PubMed

Insights

Inflammatory markers like CRP and IL-6 are linked to cardiovascular disease (CVD) in HIV patients. However, no consistent association was found between these markers and carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT).

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cardiology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • HIV infection is associated with increased cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk.
  • Inflammatory markers are studied to understand this heightened CVD risk in HIV patients.
  • Carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) is a marker for subclinical atherosclerosis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review current knowledge on inflammatory markers and CVD or CIMT in HIV-infected patients.
  • To identify frequently assessed inflammatory markers and their associations.
  • To provide an oversight of the relationship between inflammation and cardiovascular risk in HIV.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic literature search of PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane databases (1996-2014).
  • Selection, critical appraisal, and data extraction by two independent authors.
  • Focus on immune markers most frequently assessed in relation to CVD or CIMT.

Main Results:

  • Forty articles were selected: 8 on CVD and 32 on CIMT.
  • C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and d-dimer were most frequently studied for CVD.
  • Three of four studies found a positive association between these markers and CVD; no consistent association was found for CIMT.

Conclusions:

  • A relationship exists between certain inflammatory markers and CVD in HIV-infected individuals.
  • No consistent association was observed between inflammatory markers and CIMT in this population.
  • Future research should utilize standardized CIMT protocols and prospective study designs.
Abstract

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