Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Barriers to Effective Communication II01:21

Barriers to Effective Communication II

5.6K
The barriers to effective communication also include cultural barriers, semantic barriers, gender barriers, and time constraints.
Cultural barriers:
Differences in values, beliefs, religion, knowledge, and tradition can significantly impact communication. Awareness of nonverbal cues is critical, especially when conversing with a patient from a different culture. What appears appropriate in one culture may be inappropriate in another.
Semantic barriers:
As a result of their tendency to use...
5.6K
Vaccinations01:51

Vaccinations

53.6K
Overview
53.6K
Barriers to Effective Communication I01:30

Barriers to Effective Communication I

12.2K
A communication barrier is any distortion or interruption during a conversation, resulting in miscommunication of the message. A good communicator should know these barriers and continuously check for the listener's understanding by obtaining feedback.
Communication barriers include the following:
Physiological barriers: They are limitations caused by a person's health condition or disability, such as hearing loss, poor eyesight, illness, or unconsciousness. An example to overcome this...
12.2K
Development of Immunocompetence01:22

Development of Immunocompetence

1.1K
The initiation of cell-mediated immunity can be observed as early as the third month of fetal growth, with active antibody-mediated immunity following approximately one month later.
The initial cells that migrate from the fetal thymus settle within the skin and epithelial tissues lining the mouth, digestive tract, and in females, the uterus and vagina. These cells, including skin-based dendritic cells, serve as antigen-presenting cells, playing a key role in T cell activation.
Subsequent T...
1.1K
Vaccines01:21

Vaccines

41
Vaccines are among the most effective tools in preventive medicine, designed to prepare the immune system to recognize and combat infectious agents. By introducing antigens—substances that the immune system identifies as foreign—vaccines stimulate an adaptive immune response that leads to immunological memory. This immunological memory enables the body to mount a faster and more effective response upon future exposures to the actual pathogen.Vaccines can be categorized based on the...
41
Factors Affecting the Risk of Infection01:26

Factors Affecting the Risk of Infection

14.6K
The hosts' susceptibility to infection depends on several factors. The integrity of the skin and mucous membranes helps protect the body against microbial attacks. When the skin is altered, the chance of infection, limb loss, and even death increases.
The integrity and count of the white blood cells help the body resist pathogens and fight infection. When impaired, it reduces the body's resistance to pathogens. The acidic pH levels of the gastrointestinal, genitourinary tracts, and skin...
14.6K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Design and usability testing of SmartSHOTS: A mobile app to reduce vaccine barriers for children 0-24 months.

Health informatics journal·2026
Same author

Uncovering Gaps in Childhood Vaccine Coverage: A Post-COVID-19 Analysis of Vaccine Disparities in Tennessee.

American journal of health promotion : AJHP·2026
Same author

Clay, Patience, and the Research Journey: Lessons From the Wheel.

Western journal of nursing research·2026
Same author

Impact of COVID-19 on Parental Barriers to Childhood Vaccination: A Systematic Review.

Journal of pediatric health care : official publication of National Association of Pediatric Nurse Associates & Practitioners·2025
Same author

Faculty Development Needs in Southeastern Conference Nursing Schools.

The Journal of nursing education·2025
Same author

The experiences and perceptions of campus resource utilization by college students with childhood domestic violence exposure histories.

Journal of American college health : J of ACH·2024
Same journal

Vaccination practice and safety in children with special health care needs: A retrospective study of 1278 children.

Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics·2026
Same journal

Next-generation vaccine adjuvants: Integrating nanotechnology, systems immunology, and computational approaches for precision vaccinology.

Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics·2026
Same journal

Estimating clinical and economic impacts and cost-effectiveness of introducing 20-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in Taiwan's pediatric National Immunization Program and impacts of a delayed implementation.

Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics·2026
Same journal

Safety and immunogenicity of a COVID-19-Influenza Combination nanoparticle vaccine (CIC) containing SARS-CoV-2 recombinant spike and quadrivalent influenza hemagglutinin with Matrix-M® adjuvant: A phase 1/2 clinical trial.

Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics·2026
Same journal

Randomized controlled trial evaluating immunogenicity and safety of a porcine circovirus-free rotavirus vaccine in healthy Chinese infants.

Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics·2026
Same journal

Determinants of HPV vaccination acceptance among young adult women in Japan's catch-up generation: A cross-sectional study.

Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 26, 2026

Evaluation of Host-Pathogen Responses and Vaccine Efficacy in Mice
08:52

Evaluation of Host-Pathogen Responses and Vaccine Efficacy in Mice

Published on: February 22, 2019

11.4K

Assessing barriers to immunization.

Victoria Niederhauser1, Catherine Ferris2

  • 1a College of Nursing, University of Tennessee Knoxville , Knoxville , TN , USA.

Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics
|January 27, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Understanding parental barriers to childhood immunizations is crucial. The Searching for Hardships and Obstacles To Shots (SHOTS) survey offers a reliable tool to identify and address these barriers, improving vaccination rates.

Keywords:
childhood immunizations; instrument; intervention; parental barriers to vaccines; vaccines

More Related Videos

An Optimized Hemagglutination Inhibition HI Assay to Quantify Influenza-specific Antibody Titers
06:34

An Optimized Hemagglutination Inhibition HI Assay to Quantify Influenza-specific Antibody Titers

Published on: December 1, 2017

38.4K
Opsono-Adherence Assay to Evaluate Functional Antibodies in Vaccine Development Against Bacillus anthracis and Other Encapsulated Pathogens
13:47

Opsono-Adherence Assay to Evaluate Functional Antibodies in Vaccine Development Against Bacillus anthracis and Other Encapsulated Pathogens

Published on: May 19, 2020

3.9K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 26, 2026

Evaluation of Host-Pathogen Responses and Vaccine Efficacy in Mice
08:52

Evaluation of Host-Pathogen Responses and Vaccine Efficacy in Mice

Published on: February 22, 2019

11.4K
An Optimized Hemagglutination Inhibition HI Assay to Quantify Influenza-specific Antibody Titers
06:34

An Optimized Hemagglutination Inhibition HI Assay to Quantify Influenza-specific Antibody Titers

Published on: December 1, 2017

38.4K
Opsono-Adherence Assay to Evaluate Functional Antibodies in Vaccine Development Against Bacillus anthracis and Other Encapsulated Pathogens
13:47

Opsono-Adherence Assay to Evaluate Functional Antibodies in Vaccine Development Against Bacillus anthracis and Other Encapsulated Pathogens

Published on: May 19, 2020

3.9K

Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Pediatrics
  • Health Services Research

Background:

  • Parental barriers significantly impact childhood immunization rates.
  • Existing interventions often lack standardized tools to measure these barriers.
  • Accurate measurement is essential for effective intervention development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce the Searching for Hardships and Obstacles To Shots (SHOTS) survey as a standardized instrument.
  • To highlight the SHOTS survey's utility in measuring parental barriers to childhood immunizations.
  • To advocate for the integration of the SHOTS survey in research and clinical practice.

Main Methods:

  • The SHOTS survey is a validated, standardized instrument.
  • It has demonstrated reliability across diverse populations.
  • It measures parental barriers to childhood immunizations.

Main Results:

  • The SHOTS survey provides reliable and consistent measurement of parental barriers.
  • It has been validated in various demographic groups.
  • Its use enhances understanding of individualized parental concerns.

Conclusions:

  • The SHOTS survey is a valuable tool for researchers and clinicians.
  • It facilitates a better understanding of parental immunization barriers.
  • Utilizing the SHOTS survey can lead to targeted interventions and improved immunization goals.