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Related Concept Videos

Arboviral Encephalitis01:25

Arboviral Encephalitis

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Arboviral encephalitis refers to brain inflammation caused by arthropod-borne viruses, particularly those transmitted through mosquito vectors. Among these, West Nile virus (WNV), a member of the Flaviviridae family, is a significant public health concern. WNV is an enveloped, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA virus. Human infection typically begins when an infected mosquito introduces the virus into the dermis during feeding. The primary transmission cycle involves birds as amplifying hosts...
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Viral Meningitis01:18

Viral Meningitis

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Viral meningitis is the most common form of meningitis and is often referred to as aseptic meningitis to indicate the absence of bacterial involvement. It is generally milder than bacterial meningitis, with symptoms including fever, headache, stiff neck, drowsiness, nausea, photophobia, and vomiting. Rarely, more severe manifestations or death may occur. Common causative agents include enteroviruses, particularly coxsackie A and B viruses and echoviruses, all members of the Enterovirus genus...
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Tick-Borne Encephalitis sequelae at long-term follow-up: a self-reported case-control study.

M Veje1, P Nolskog2, M Petzold3

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Acta Neurologica Scandinavica
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Long-term follow-up of tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) patients reveals persistent neurocognitive and motor deficits. These TBE virus sequelae impact memory, executive function, and physical abilities, necessitating further research and specialized assessment tools.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE), a neurotropic infection caused by the TBE virus (TBEV), poses significant neurological risks across Europe and Asia.
  • Long-term neurological sequelae are a considerable concern for TBE patients.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the acute-phase symptoms and long-term sequelae in patients with TBE in Western Gotaland.
  • To assess neurocognitive and functional outcomes 2-15 years post-infection.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective study of medical records for 96 TBE patients.
  • Phone interviews with 92 patients and 58 matched controls using the Encephalitis Support Group Questionnaire (ESGQ) and a survey on functional outcome of sleep (FOSQ).

Main Results:

  • TBE disease severity varied: 35% mild, 56% moderate, 7.3% severe.
  • Long-term follow-up showed significantly lower scores in TBE patients compared to controls in memory, executive functions, vigilance, and physical impairments.
  • Patients reported increased fatigue, concentration difficulties, reduced initiative, balance and coordination problems, and impaired fine motor skills.

Conclusions:

  • TBE patients experience persistent neurocognitive and motor deficits years after infection.
  • The pathogenesis of these TBE sequelae requires further investigation.
  • Development of specific neurocognitive assessment tests for TBE is recommended.