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What Factors Contribute to Headache-Related Disability in Teens?

Kathi J Kemper1, Geoffrey Heyer2, Ann Pakalnis2

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University and Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio; Center for Integrative Health and Wellness, The Ohio State University and Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio.

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Depression significantly increases headache-related disability in teens. Many adolescents with frequent headaches are interested in mobile-guided mind-body skills training for stress management.

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Neurology
  • Psychosomatic Medicine
  • Adolescent Health

Background:

  • Pediatric headaches are often linked to risk factors like stress, anxiety, and depression.
  • Protective factors such as mindfulness, resilience, and self-compassion may mitigate headache disability.
  • Adolescents' interest in mind-body interventions for headache management requires investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the relationship between risk/protective factors and headache disability in adolescents.
  • To assess the association between these factors and physiological markers.
  • To gauge adolescent interest in mind-body skills training for headache relief.

Main Methods:

  • A cross-sectional survey was conducted with adolescents experiencing frequent headaches (≥4/month).
  • Standardized instruments measured risk factors, protective factors, and headache-related disability.
  • Physiological markers of inflammation and vagal tone were also assessed.

Main Results:

  • Depression was the sole significant risk/protective factor associated with headache disability (r=0.52, P=0.004).
  • Depression correlated negatively with mindfulness, resilience, and self-compassion, and positively with stress, sleep disturbance, and anxiety.
  • Physiological markers correlated with each other but not with disability or depression. Teens showed strong interest in app-supported stress management techniques.

Conclusions:

  • Depression is a primary driver of headache-related disability in adolescents with frequent migraines.
  • Stress is a key headache trigger, and teens desire accessible stress management tools.
  • Mind-body skills training, particularly via smartphone applications, is of significant interest to this population.