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Published on: October 19, 2014
Global Prevalence of Past-year Violence Against Children: A Systematic Review and Minimum Estimates
Susan Hillis1, James Mercy2, Adaugo Amobi3
1National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; and shillis@cdc.gov.
Insights
Over half of all children globally, approximately 1 billion, experienced violence in the past year. This study synthesizes data to estimate the prevalence of child violence worldwide.
Area of Science:
- Public Health
- Epidemiology
- Child Development
Background:
- Childhood violence is linked to adult mortality.
- Understanding past-year prevalence of child violence is crucial for global initiatives.
- The United Nations aims to end all violence against children.
Purpose of the Study:
- To systematically review population-based surveys on past-year violence against children.
- To synthesize evidence and generate minimum regional and global prevalence estimates.
- To inform global efforts to end child violence.
Main Methods:
- Systematic review of population-based surveys.
- Searched multiple databases (Medline, PubMed, etc.) and the web.
- Data extraction on prevalence by country, age, and type of violence (physical, sexual, emotional).
- Triangulation approach used to synthesize data and generate minimum regional prevalences.
Main Results:
- 38 reports provided quality data for 96 countries.
- Minimum of 50% of children in Asia, Africa, and Northern America experienced past-year violence.
- Globally, over half of all children (1 billion, ages 2-17) experienced past-year violence.
Conclusions:
- Triangulation yielded minimum prevalence estimates due to data variations.
- Expanded population-based surveillance is essential for effective prevention.
- Urgent investment in action is needed, aligning with the UN 2030 Sustainable Development Agenda.
Context:
Evidence confirms associations between childhood violence and major causes of mortality in adulthood. A synthesis of data on past-year prevalence of violence against children will help advance the United Nations' call to end all violence against children.
Objectives:
Investigators systematically reviewed population-based surveys on the prevalence of past-year violence against children and synthesized the best available evidence to generate minimum regional and global estimates.
Data Sources:
We searched Medline, PubMed, Global Health, NBASE, CINAHL, and the World Wide Web for reports of representative surveys estimating prevalences of violence against children.
Study Selection:
Two investigators independently assessed surveys against inclusion criteria and rated those included on indicators of quality.
Data Extraction:
Investigators extracted data on past-year prevalences of violent victimization by country, age group, and type (physical, sexual, emotional, or multiple types). We used a triangulation approach which synthesized data to generate minimum regional prevalences, derived from population-weighted averages of the country-specific prevalences.
Results:
Thirty-eight reports provided quality data for 96 countries on past-year prevalences of violence against children. Base case estimates showed a minimum of 50% or more of children in Asia, Africa, and Northern America experienced past-year violence, and that globally over half of all children-1 billion children, ages 2-17 years-experienced such violence.
Limitations:
Due to variations in timing and types of violence reported, triangulation could only be used to generate minimum prevalence estimates.
Conclusions:
Expanded population-based surveillance of violence against children is essential to target prevention and drive the urgent investment in action endorsed in the United Nations 2030 Sustainable Development Agenda.
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