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Related Concept Videos

Knee Joint01:23

Knee Joint

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The knee joint is the most complicated joint in the body. It consists of three articulations– two tibiofemoral and one patellofemoral. As is characteristic of synovial joints, the knee joint has a thin articular capsule that partially surrounds this joint cavity. Additionally, several ligaments, muscles, and cartilaginous structures support the movement of the knee.
A total of seven ligaments support the knee joint. The patellar ligament, which is also attached to the quadriceps femoris...
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Bones of the Lower Limb: Femur and Patella01:16

Bones of the Lower Limb: Femur and Patella

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The femur is the body's longest and strongest bone spanning the thigh region. Its head articulates with the acetabulum of the hip bone to form the hip joint. A minor indentation on the medial side of the femoral head, called the fovea capitis, serves as the site of attachment for the ligament of the head of the femur. This weak ligament spans the femur and acetabulum and supports the hip joint. The narrowed region below the head is the neck of the femur. The inclination angle between the...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 26, 2026

Individualized Stem-positioning in Calcar-guided Short-stem Total Hip Arthroplasty
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Kinematically aligned TKA can align knee joint line to horizontal.

Hyung-Min Ji1, Jun Han1, Dong San Jin1

  • 1Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Ajou University College of Medicine, 164, World Keobro, Suwonsi Yeongtong-gu, Gyeonggi-do, 443-721, Republic of Korea.

Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy : Official Journal of the ESSKA
|January 27, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Kinematically aligned total knee arthroplasty (TKA) better restores the native knee

Keywords:
AlignmentArthroplastyHumansKnee jointReplacement

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Area of Science:

  • Orthopedic surgery
  • Biomechanical analysis of the knee

Background:

  • The native knee's joint line is typically horizontal to the floor.
  • Achieving this native orientation in total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is a surgical goal.
  • Variations in TKA alignment techniques may affect postoperative joint line orientation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the native joint line distribution in a healthy population.
  • To compare native joint line orientation after conventional, navigated mechanical, and kinematic alignment TKA.
  • To assess which TKA method best achieves a horizontal postoperative joint line.

Main Methods:

  • Radiographic analysis of 50 healthy knees to establish native joint line orientation (JLOA).
  • Measurement of JLOA before and after three TKA alignment techniques (conventional mechanical, navigated mechanical, kinematic).
  • Calculation of the proportion of knees with postoperative JLOA similar to the native JLOA for each technique.

Main Results:

  • Healthy native knees have a mean JLOA of 0.2° ± 1.1° (nearly parallel to the floor).
  • Conventional and navigated mechanical alignment TKA resulted in postoperative JLOAs that slanted laterally (-3.3° and -2.6°, respectively).
  • Kinematic alignment TKA achieved a postoperative JLOA of 0.6° ± 1.7°, similar to native knees, with 50.8% of knees within one SD of the native mean.

Conclusions:

  • Kinematic alignment TKA more effectively restores the native knee's pre-arthritic joint line orientation compared to mechanical alignment TKA.
  • Mechanical alignment TKA, even with navigation, is less efficient in replicating the natural joint line orientation.
  • Kinematic alignment offers a potential advantage in achieving a more natural knee biomechanics post-TKA.