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Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones01:20

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Low blood levels of the thyroid hormones — triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) — signal the hypothalamus to release the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). TRH then reaches the pituitary gland and stimulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH) into the bloodstream.
Upon reaching the thyroid gland, TSH stimulates the follicular cells' active uptake of iodide ions from the blood. The ions diffuse to the apical surface of the cells and are oxidized to iodine. The...
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Interaction between thyrocytes and adipose tissue in vitro.

Mihoko Yamamoto1, Kazuyoshi Uchihashi1, Shigehisa Aoki1

  • 1Department of Pathology & Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan.

Pathology International
|January 27, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Adipose tissue fragments (ATFs) promote thyroid cell (thyrocyte) hypertrophy, lipid accumulation, and survival. Thyrocytes, in turn, modulate adipokine production from adipose tissue, suggesting a bidirectional regulatory relationship.

Keywords:
adipokinesadipose tissueinteractionlipid depositionthyrocytes

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Cell Biology
  • Histology

Background:

  • The interaction between adipose tissue and thyrocytes is poorly understood.
  • Investigating this crosstalk is crucial for understanding thyroid function and potential metabolic influences.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the bidirectional interaction between adipose tissue fragments (ATFs) and thyrocytes in a co-culture system.
  • To determine the effects of ATFs on thyrocyte morphology, survival, and differentiation, and vice versa.

Main Methods:

  • Co-culture of thyrocytes on ATF-embedded collagen gel.
  • Utilized electron microscopy, immunocytochemistry, RT-PCR, and ELISA.
  • Investigated the roles of thyrotropin (TSH) and leptin in the interaction.

Main Results:

  • ATFs promoted thyrocyte hypertrophy, polarization, lipid accumulation, and inhibited apoptosis.
  • ATFs increased thyroglobulin (Tg) and PAX8 expression in thyrocytes.
  • Thyrocytes decreased leptin and adiponectin concentrations while increasing their mRNA expression in ATFs.
  • TSH enhanced ATF-induced thyrocyte hypertrophy and Tg expression, and thyrocyte-induced adipokine mRNA expression in ATFs.
  • Leptin promoted thyrocyte hypertrophy and Tg expression, with TSH potentiating these effects.

Conclusions:

  • Adipose tissue regulates thyrocyte morphology, survival, and differentiation, potentially via lipid accumulation and TSH synergy.
  • Thyrocytes influence adipokine production from adipose tissue independently of TSH.
  • Leptin plays a role in thyrocyte hypertrophy and differentiation, synergizing with TSH.