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Brain size predicts problem-solving ability in mammalian carnivores.

Sarah Benson-Amram1, Ben Dantzer2, Gregory Stricker3

  • 1Department of Zoology and Physiology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071; Program in Ecology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071; sbensona@uwyo.edu.

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Larger relative brain size in carnivores predicts success in solving novel problems, supporting a link between brain size and problem-solving skills. This study provides empirical evidence for cognitive abilities in relation to brain anatomy.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Comparative psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Animal behavior

Background:

  • The relationship between brain size and cognitive abilities is debated.
  • Previous studies show correlations but lack experimental support.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if neuroanatomical or socioecological factors predict problem-solving success in carnivores.
  • To experimentally test the link between relative brain size and cognitive performance.

Main Methods:

  • 39 carnivore species were tested on novel puzzle boxes in zoos.
  • Relative brain mass and specific brain region volumes were measured.
  • Socioecological variables were assessed.

Main Results:

  • Species with larger brains relative to body mass were more successful at solving the puzzle boxes.
  • Specific brain regions improved predictive models of problem-solving success.
  • Social complexity and manual dexterity did not predict success.

Conclusions:

  • Relative brain size is a significant predictor of problem-solving ability in carnivores.
  • Findings challenge the social brain hypothesis but support the general brain size-cognition link.