Control of APC/C-dependent ubiquitin chain elongation by reversible phosphorylation

Most metazoan E3 ligases contain a signature RING domain that promotes the transfer of ubiquitin from the active site of E2 conjugating enzymes to lysine residues in substrates. Although these RING-E3s depend on E2 enzymes for catalysis, how they turn on their E2s at the right time and place remains poorly understood. Here we report a phosphorylation-dependent mechanism that ensures timely activation of the E2 Ube2S by its RING-E3, the anaphase-promoting complex (APC/C); while phosphorylation of a specific serine residue in the APC/C coactivator Cdc20 prevents delivery of Ube2S to the APC/C, removal of this mark by PP2A(B56) allows Ube2S to bind the APC/C and catalyze ubiquitin chain elongation. PP2A(B56) also stabilizes kinetochore-microtubule attachments to shut off the spindle checkpoint, suggesting that cells regulate the E2-E3 interplay to coordinate ubiquitination with critical events during cell division.